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61.
M. Mori Y. Kagami S. Kanemoto T. Tamaoki M. Enomoto S. Kawamura 《Progress in Nuclear Energy》2005,46(3-4):241-252
A new method for estimating reactivity parameters, such as moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) and void reactivity coefficient (VRC), is proposed using steady-state noise data. In order to solve the ill-posed problem of reactivity parameter estimation, a concept of a gray box model is newly introduced. The gray box model includes a first principle based model and a black-box fitting model. The former model acts as a priori knowledge based constraints in a parameter estimation problem. After establishing the gray box and noise source models, the maximum likelihood estimation method based on Kalman filter is applied. Furthermore, it is shown that the frequency domain approach of the gray box model is useful in the case of VRC estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is shown through numerical simulation and actual plant data analysis. 相似文献
62.
The displacement of the capillarity-corrected nucleus composition of ferrite relative to the two compositions conventionally
used to calculate the nucleation rate,i.e., the bulk equilibrium composition and the maximum volume free energy change composition, was evaluated in an Fe-0.5 at. Pct
C-3 at. Pct Mn alloy in the regime of the classical nucleation theory. While the nucleus composition is very close to the
one at maximum volume free energy change, it is very different from that of bulk equilibrium. The errors arising in the calculation
of critical nucleus size and nucleation rate when using inappropriate nucleus compositions are discussed under both para-
and orthoequilibrium conditions for the formation of ferrite.
M. Enomoto, formerly Graduate Student, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Carnegie-Mellon University 相似文献
63.
An efficient method-of-lines approach is presented for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations are spatially discretized by a central finite-difference approximation. The rational Runge-Kutta scheme is used for the time integration. Attention is focused on improving the efficiency and accuracy of the solution. A remarkable improvement in the efficiency is achieved by adopting a combination of the present scheme with the residual averaging and multigrid (M.G.) techniques. The M.G. method and the high suitability of the present scheme to a vector computer partly reduce the computational load imposed on a numerical simulation with a finer grid. The steady-state convergence obtained with the scheme is comparable with those of diagonalized implicit approximate factorization schemes for inviscid and viscous flow equations. The reliability and accuracy of the scheme have also been improved by adopting the artificial dissipation terms scaled down to the minimum level required for stability. The facilities of the scheme are demonstrated in a series of numerical experiments for two- and three-dimensional transonic flows. 相似文献
64.
A STEM analysis is made of the Mn distribution around grain boundary allotriomorphs of proeutectoid ferrite in an Fe-1.6 at.
Pct C-2.8 at. Pct Mn alloy. Whereas the Mn enriched region is readily observed to extend along the austenite grain boundary,
no substantial build-up or depletion of Mn near the ferrite : austenite interface is detected, consistent with the electron
probe microanalysis previously reported. In the temperature range where the partition-local equilibrium (P-LE) mode has been
proposed to prevail, measured parabolic growth rate constantsfall 1 to 2 orders of magnitude above that predicted from this model, but also below that calculated from the paraequilibrium (PE) model by roughly the same
amount. A modification of the theory of grain boundary diffusion-aided growth of precipitates,i.e., the collector/rejector plate mechanism, on the other hand, accounts fairly well for the observed growth kinetics of ferrite
allotriomorphs. However, only a slightly better accounting than the P-LE model is provided by this mechanism for the temperature
dependence of Mn partition. Data on Ni partition, obtained in an Fe-0.5 at. Pct C-3.1 at. Pct Ni alloy, are also analyzed
with the rejector plate model. 相似文献
65.
Yoshida N Akazawa S Karino T Ishida H Hata Y Katsuragi T Tani Y Takagi H 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2007,104(5):424-427
We found 11 genes (FAO1-11) encoding putative oxidoreductases in the Aspergillus oryzae genome, which are similar to fungal fructosyl-amino acid oxidases. The cDNAs corresponding to the genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. rFao2 had fructosyl-amino acid oxidase activity, whereas rFao1 did not show any enzyme activity, even though the deduced amino acid sequence of Fao1 is identical to that of one of the fructosyl-amino acid oxidase isozymes from Aspergillus oryzae. rFao7 and rFao8 showed oxidase activity toward sarcosine, L-pipecolate, and L-proline. rFao10 was active toward only sarcosine, of the substrates tested. The functions of the other proteins were also predicted from a phylogenetic analysis. 相似文献
66.
Seok Hyun Nam Sun Phil Choi Mi Young Kang Hee Jong Koh Nobuyuki Kozukue Mendel Friedman 《Food chemistry》2006
Ethanol–water (70:30, v/v) extracts from the bran of rice seeds from twenty one pigmented and one nonpigmented rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative activities using the following tests: inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid; inhibition of peroxidation of rabbit lipid erythrocyte membranes; reduction of potassium ferricyanide, and scavenging of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. With some exceptions, extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had higher antioxidative activity than did the nonpigmented variety. The following pigmented cultivars had the highest antioxidative activities in all tests: Jumlalocal-1, Parnkhari 203, DZ78, LK1-3-6-12-1-1, and Elwee. A significant correlation was also noted between reducing power, inhibition of erythrocyte ghost membrane peroxidation, and superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging. The results suggest that: (a) ferricyanide reducing power might be a useful and simple index for large-scale evaluation of antioxidative potencies of natural products present in rice; (b) pigmented rice varieties with high antioxidative activities provide a source of antioxidants and a genetic resource to develop new health-promoting rice cultivars. 相似文献
67.
We investigated author information in scientific articles by approximately 7,000 researchers for a quantitative analysis of
researchers’ international mobility. From top journals, we traced the movements of more than 2,200 researchers in the research
domains of robotics, computer vision and electron devices. We categorized countries’ characteristics for the balance between
the inflow and the outflow of researchers moving internationally. Flow patterns of international mobility confirm that the
United States, China and India exhibit the greatest global flows of researchers, with Singapore and Hong Kong attracting remarkable
numbers of researchers from other countries. International mobility focusing on institutions reveals that universities in
Singapore receive as many foreign researchers as do research universities in the United States. Furthermore, firms and international
collaborative research institutes act as alternative receivers to the universities in the electron devices research domain. 相似文献
68.
Masami Ishikawa Hidehiko Enomoto Naohiro Mikamoto Tsuneshi Nakamura Hidemi Nawafune Takashi Uegaki 《金属精饰学会汇刊》2013,91(2):86-88
Thin film resistors with low TCR and low electric resistivity were prepared from phosphorus free Cu-Ni alloy obtained by electroless and electrolytic deposition with heat treatment at low temperature. 相似文献
69.
Nobuhisa Ochi Shigetaka Okano Masahito Mochizuki Junji Shimamura Nobuyuki Ishikawa 《Welding International》2013,27(3):174-183
In recent years, in order to reduce the costs of transportation and construction of pipelines, which are often constructed using multiple-electrode submerged arc welding (SAW), higher joint performance is required. Therefore, there has arisen the need to understand theoretically and control appropriately metallurgical and mechanical characteristics in heat-affected zone (HAZ), which has a significant influence on the strength and toughness of welded joints. Commonly, metallurgical phenomena in HAZ are evaluated based on the highest temperature and the cooling rate. Therefore, in order to control metallurgical and mechanical characteristics in HAZ by means of the welding conditions, evaluating the temperature distribution and the temperature history near the melted zone is essential. However, a detailed investigation of the temperature distribution for multiple-electrode SAW has not yet been carried out enough. In this study, in order to investigate the temperature distribution and histories during multiple-electrode SAW, the experimental results are compared with the theoretical results. In the theoretical analysis, the temperature rise equation in multiple heat sources welding is developed using the method of summation. Furthermore, on temperature distribution during welding, the effects of multiple heat sources, such as the number of heat sources and the distance between each electrodes, are considered quantitatively through the thermal conduction theoretical analysis. As the result, the distance between lead heat source and final heat source primally influences the area with the difference between a single heat source welding and multiple heat sources welding. Based on the results, it is expected to control temperature distribution near melted zone by more appropriate heat input characteristics, which is depended on heat source arrangement. 相似文献
70.
Yu Yan Jiang Eiji Yanai Kazumi Nishimura Huilai Zhang Nobuyuki Abe Masahiko Shinohara Kaoru Wakatsuki 《Fire Safety Journal》2010
Research and development of firefighters’ protective clothing relies on a large number of fire disaster experiments in order to assess the thermal performance. It would be substantially advantageous to substitute a virtual numerical experiment for a real one in terms of time, cost and safety. The present article reports the development of an integrated numerical simulator that makes possible the estimation of burn injuries originating from fire disasters. In the simulator, a general-purpose computational fluid dynamics program computes the fluid flow and heat transfer in an in situ fire event, while a one-dimensional program calculates the radiative–conductive heat transfer through the clothing and human skin. A data interface combines the two simulations by loose coupling so as to give the real-time burn injury progress output. The predicted surface heat fluxes and burn degrees agree with experimental measurements reasonably well. Possible numerical error sources are discussed that call for potential improvements in the future. 相似文献