基于谱对称的形状配准方法

针对现有三维形状配准方法中存在左右翻转的错误匹配问题,提出了基于内蕴对称特征检测的高效形状配准算法。首先,通过热核与几何约束构建模型的内蕴自对称点对;其次,基于谱嵌入特征空间分析提取模型的内蕴对称平面,并依据模型表面法向量有效识别模型的左右结构属性;然后,根据内蕴对称点对获得模型的一致性谱对称结构描述;最后,引入一致性点漂移算法(CPD),实现基于谱对称的非刚性模型的形状配准,有效避免了模型配准中的左右结构翻转问题。实验进一步论证了这种方法不仅有效提高了模型匹配的效率,而且能有效识别同类模型的结构特征,对于非刚性模型的配准具有较强的鲁棒性。     

不同品种大米发酵紫色红曲霉产色素的特性分析

该研究以一株色素产量稳定的紫色红曲菌为试验菌株,采用不同品种的大米（粳米、籼米、糯米）作为基质进行液态摇瓶发酵,通过测定生物量、葡萄糖含量、大米成分,分析红曲霉生长状况,借助高效液相色谱、薄层色谱和色差仪对发酵所产红曲色素的颜色特性及安全性进行评价。结果表明：粳米发酵的胞外色价最高,于505 nm处最高可达19.07 U/mL,是籼米的2.28倍,糯米的2.53倍;发酵3~4 d籼米的红曲菌胞内色价可达947.46 U/g（505 nm）,分别是糯米的1.24倍和粳米的1.33倍;发酵6~7 d粳米的胞内色价较高,于505 nm处可达1762.80 U/g,分别是籼米的1.41倍和糯米的1.86倍,粳米的后期发酵更利于M9的色素累积。HPLC分析六种主要红曲色素产量表明,籼米和糯米发酵显著促进了两种橙色素O1、O2在胞内积累,发酵第7 d的产量分别是粳米的5.00倍和6.31倍,粳米发酵更有利于红色素（R1、R2）及黄色素（Y1、Y2）产生;三种大米相比,粳米发酵所产桔霉素最低,安全性更高。总体而言,以粳米为基质发酵更利于M9产红、黄色素,而糯米和籼米更利于红曲菌M9产橙色素。     

荧光分光光度法测定淀粉及其衍生物中二氧化硫残留量研究

建立荧光分光光度法测定淀粉及其衍生物中二氧化硫残留量的方法。在弱酸性条件下,以邻苯二甲醛/铵盐为荧光指示剂,亚硫酸氢钠为定量标准,荧光强度作为考察指标,测定样品中的二氧化硫残留量。结果表明,标准曲线的线性回归方程为Y=23.22X+ 0.854,线性相关系数R2=0.999 8、检出限为0.732 mg/kg、加标回收率在95.3%～104.8%之间、精密度良好、检测结果可靠。荧光分光光度法可以作为淀粉及其衍生物中二氧化硫残留量的测定方法。     

新型表面活性剂柠檬酸单酯的溶液性能研究及其在凝胶油中的应用

凝胶油不仅在功能食品中得到广泛应用,而且在药物制剂、化妆品领域也有重要应用前景。本文通过直接酯化法合成了两种柠檬酸单酯,并对其作为凝胶因子性能进行了研究。利用表面张力仪、电导率仪以及动态光散射仪等方法对两种柠檬酸酯的溶液聚集行为和胶束形成热力学进行了分析。结果表明,25℃下,柠檬酸月桂醇单酯和柠檬酸异癸醇单酯的临界胶束浓度分别为3.30mmol/L和6.40 mmol/L。同时,研究了离子强度对胶束形成过程的影响,结果表明,无机盐不仅影响胶束聚集数,而且使得柠檬酸异癸醇单酯的胶束尺寸降低约100 nm,柠檬酸月桂醇单酯的胶束尺寸降低约200 nm。凝胶油性能研究结果表明,最低凝胶浓度为7%,溶胶-凝胶转变温度为45~53℃之间,两种柠檬酸酯均能与植物油形成凝胶。生物相容性研究结果表明,两种柠檬酸酯在浓度为200mg/L时对微生物生长没有显著影响,具有良好的生物相容性。     

温度和盐胁迫对油葵种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过测定不同温度和盐胁迫浓度对油葵种子发芽势、发芽率和幼苗生理生化特性指标的影响,发现相同温度条件下,随着盐浓度的升高,油葵种子的发芽势、发芽率呈降低趋势,发芽时间延迟,胚根的生长受到抑制,胚根长、子叶鲜重均呈现下降的趋势;油葵幼苗的叶片和根系的电解质相对外渗率,SOD、POD活性均呈现先升后降的趋势。相同浓度盐胁迫下,油葵种子的发芽势和发芽率随温度的升高而升高,表现出喜温的特性,说明油葵种子在萌发阶段,适宜的高温条件有利于其种子发芽,幼苗对盐胁迫也有较强的适应能力。     

Novel α-glucosidase inhibitors from Macaranga tanarius leaves

One of the hyperglycaemic remedies is glucose absorption reduction by suppressing carbohydrate digestion due to utilisation of α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs). Determination of prospecting herbs done in vitro by using enzyme assay resulted in the finding of Macaranga tanarius, which showed a potent inhibitory activity. An EtOAc-soluble extract of M. tanarius leaves was chromatographed by a Diaion HP-20 column and the active fractions were further purified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to isolate active principles against α-glucosidase. Five ellagitannins were successfully isolated and identified. Structure determination revealed that these isolated compounds were mallotinic acid (IC₅₀ > 5.00 mM), corilagin (IC₅₀ = 2.63 mM), chebulagic acid (IC₅₀ = 1.00 mM), and two novel compounds named macatannins A (IC₅₀ = 0.80 mM) and B (IC₅₀ = 0.55 mM). AGIs play an important role for the treatment of diabetes, therefore this research results may suggest novel alternatives for diabetes treatment management.     

Effect of weaning status on animal performance and meat quality of Rubia Gallega calves

The effect of weaning calves at different ages (NW = not weaned, W5 = 5.5 months old and W2 = weaned after being born and then fed with natural Holstein Friesian milk until 2 months old), on animal performance and carcass and Longissimus thoracis muscle quality, was studied in 36 eight month-old Rubia Gallega calves. Feed ingestions, weight gains, slaughter (SW) and carcass weights (CW), carcass conformation and fat scores, and meat characteristics (24 hours postmortem): colour, pH, water holding capacity, chemical composition and texture (Warner Bratzler (WB) test, sensory panel), were studied. NW calves showed the highest SW and CW (P < 0.001). Yellowness (b*), redness (a*) and chroma (C*) were higher in NW than W2 calves (P < 0.05). Shear firmness was higher in W2 than in NW and W5 veal. W2 veal was less elastic (P < 0.05), tender (P < 0.05) and juicy (P < 0.01) than NW and W5 veal.     

对纤维素纤维表面电荷和总电荷的探讨

采用聚合电解质滴定技术研究了各种纸浆及处理后纸浆的总电荷和表面电荷之间的关系。虽然针叶木浆和阔叶木浆的总电荷量和表面电荷量不同,但是两者的电荷比基本相同。机械法制浆的电荷比高于化学法制浆。但是化学浆的电荷量随着不同的漂白流程而变化,而由于漂白过程是非表面选择性的,因此其电荷比不受影响。如果要改变化学浆的电荷比,需采取打浆或者表面羧甲基化等方法。     

Determinants of serum polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort

We measured levels of 10 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in serum collected during pregnancy and at delivery from 416 pregnant, predominantly immigrant, women living in Monterey County, CA. The most frequently detected congeners were BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153, all components of the penta mixture, detected in >97% of samples. We used multivariable regression models to examine factors associated with exposure to individual PBDE congeners as well as their total summed concentration (ng/g lipid). Prenatal and delivery total PBDE levels were correlated between sampling times (n = 21; Pearson r = 0.99, p < 0.001). In multivariable models, total PBDE levels increased significantly with time residing in the U.S. (p < 0.001) and among women with ≥3 pieces of stuffed furniture in their homes (p < 0.05). Women's total PBDE levels increased 4.0% (95% CI = 2.8, 5.3) for each additional year residing in the U.S., after adjustment for prepregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, and SES. Having ≥3 pieces of stuffed furniture in the home was associated with a 26.8% (95% CI = 2.0, 57.5) increase in women's serum PBDE levels. Findings suggest PBDE indoor contamination in California homes is contributing to human exposures in a population of recent immigrants.     

Incorporation of nisin in poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) films by melt processing: a study on the antimicrobial properties

Both industry and academia have shown a growing interest in materials with antimicrobial properties suitable for food packaging applications. In this study, we prepared and characterized thin films of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with antimicrobial properties. The films were prepared with a film blowing process by incorporating a nisin preparation as an antimicrobial agent in the melt. Two grades of EVA containing 14 and 28% (wt/wt) vinyl acetate (EVA 14 and EVA 28, respectively) and two commercial formulations of nisin with different nominal activities were used. The effect of the nisin concentration also was evaluated. The films with the highest antimicrobial activity were those formulated with nisin at the highest activity and EVA with the highest content of vinyl acetate. The use of the commercial formulation of nisin with high activity in the EVA films allowed reduction in the amount of nisin needed to provide antimicrobial properties. Consequently, the mechanical properties of these films were only slightly inferior to those of the pure polymers. In contrast, films prepared by incorporating more of the nisin with lower activity had poor mechanical properties. The effect of different processing temperatures used in the preparation of the films on the antimicrobial properties of the films also was evaluated. The materials displayed antimicrobial properties even when they were prepared at temperatures as high as 160 °C, probably because of the very short processing time (60 to 90 s) required for preparation.