Investigation into Surface Defects Arising in Hot-Rolled SUP 11A Grade Spring Billets

Silicomanganese grade billets are the most commonly used steels for manufacture of automobile leaf springs. However, Cr-Mn-B grade steel known by trade name of SUP 11A grade is replacing the conventional silicomanganese grades such as 60Si7 or 65Si7 steels because it has become a competitive alternative in the market. Three heats of SUP11A grade spring steel were made through BOF-VAD-CC route and continuously cast into 125 × 125 mm billets. Some of the billets contained blowholes and piping. Rolling of selected billets into 85 × 15 mm flats revealed occasional slivers, seams, and a few shallow hairline surface cracks. A detailed metallurgical investigation was carried out to understand the genesis of these defects. A pearlite-free ferritic microstructure near the cracks combined with the presence of dispersed inclusions resulting from internal oxidation in the vicinity of cracks and the presence of scales within the shallow discontinuous short-length longitudinal cracks indicated that these defects resulted from pre-existing subsurface blowholes lying within 1 mm of billet surface. Reduction of the gas content of liquid steel in the mold, optimization of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) current, and control of superheat are some of the broad measures identified to improve the cast quality of SUP 11A spring steel billets and minimize the rejection of rolled flats.     

Silica encapsulated Ni nanoparticles: variation of optical and magnetic properties with particle size

Ni nanoparticles embedded in SiO2 matrix were prepared by sol-gel process. The molar percentages of Ni were varied from 2 to 20% of total SiO2 present in the matrix. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed that particle sizes varied from 8.0-15.7 nm at an annealing temperature of 773 K with variation of concentration. The optical absorption spectra revealed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the UV region of the spectrum shifted with the particle diameter (D) from that at 247.3 nm for D = 8.0 nm to 250.7 nm for D = 15.7 nm. In hysteresis loop measurements the magnetizations (M) of the nanocomposites also increased with higher Ni content in the matrix and did not saturate in the measuring limit of the magnetic filed (H) of 4 KOe. The anhysteric curves for different samples were analyzed with the law of approach to saturation (LAS). The zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization measurements at 50 Oe showed increasing broadening of the ZFC curve with the higher Ni content. To calculate the average blocking temperature ((T(B a distribution of the blocking temperatures (T(B)) was assumed to initiate theoretical fittings and it was found to be increasing with the Ni concentration in the matrix.     

Superferric quadrupoles for FAIR Super FRS energy buncher

The quadrupole magnets for FAIR Super FRS energy buncher have large usable aperture, high magnetic pole-tip field and high gradient field quality. The iron-dominated magnets with superconducting coils have to be used in this application. The NbTi coil, laminated iron, and support structure of about 22 tons is immersed in liquid helium. The 4.5 K helium chamber is completely covered with a thermal shield cooled by helium at 50–80 K on its outer and inner surface. The helium chamber and thermal shield is enclosed in a vacuum shell.The paper presents design details of the long quadrupole. Coupled thermal, magnetic and structural analysis was carried out to design the magnet iron, magnet coil, helium vessel and support links and ensure the required gradient field quality is achieved. The paper also presents the design of support links and outer vacuum chamber.     

Third order lowpass Butterworth filter function realisation using CFA

A new realisation scheme for third order lowpass Butterworth filter function (BFF) using two CFA devices and few RC components is presented. The design equations utilise the transadmittance elements of the devices. The maximally flat response at select frequencies in the range 5 MHz ≤ f _o ≤ 30 MHz had been verified with PSPICE macromodel simulation and by hardware circuit implementation using the AD-844 device. The active sensitivities are quite low. The simulation result and the measured responses are included for f _o = 5.1 MHz and 22.2 MHz.     

Steganalysis of Network Packet Length Based Data Hiding

Recently, data hiding by modifying network parameters like packet header, payload, and packet length has become popular among researchers. Different algorithms have been proposed during the last few years which have altered the network packets in different ways to embed the data bits. Some of these algorithms modify the network packet length for embedding. Although most of the packet length based embedding schemes try to imitate the normal network traffic distribution, they have altered the statistical distribution of network packet lengths during embedding. These statistical anomalies can be exploited to detect such schemes. In this paper, a second order detection scheme for packet length based steganography has been proposed. A comprehensive set of experiments have been carried out to show that the proposed detection scheme can detect network packet length based steganography with a considerably high accuracy.     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶的功能性质及其在食品中的应用方法

本主要论述了微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶的性质,功能及其在食品加工工业以及开发新型食品中的应用。     

Local antibiotic delivery systems for the treatment of osteomyelitis – A review

Osteomyelitis, an inflammatory process accompanied by bone destruction, is caused by infective microorganisms. The high success rates of antimicrobial therapy by conventional routes of administration in controlling most infectious diseases have not yet been achieved with osteomyelitis for several reasons. Local and sustained availability of drugs have proven to be more effective in achieving prophylactic and therapeutic outcomes. This review introduces osteomyelitis – its present options for drug delivery and their limitations, and the wide range of carrier materials and effective drug choices. Local drug delivery for osteomyelitis is a topic of importance for more than 20 years. Carrier materials used for local delivery of antibiotics may be classified as nonbiodegradable and biodegradable. Commonly used non biodegradable carrier materials are polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Acrylic beads, PMMA bone cement etc. and biodegradable materials are hydroxyapatite block, bioactive glass ceramics, collagen sponge, polylactide/ployglycolide implants. Both the systems release antibiotic at concentrations exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the most common pathogens involved in osteomyelitis without causing any adverse systemic effects although non biodegradable beads are to be removed from the surgical site after completion of antibiotic release.     

Development of a Sensor Fusion Strategy for Robotic Application Based on Geometric Optimization

Fusion of multi-sensor information is an important technology, which is growing exponentially due to its tremendous application potential in many areas. Effective fusion of data from sensors is very critical in increasing an intelligent system's capability to accomplish complex tasks. Appropriate fusion technologies are needed to be developed specially when a system requires redundant sensors to be used. More the redundancy in sensors, more is the computational complexity for controlling the system and more is its intelligence level. This research presents a strategy developed for multiple sensor fusion, based on geometric optimization. Each sensor's uncertainty has been modeled using classical Lagrangian optimization techniques. However, the uniqueness and effectiveness of the present technique lies on the fact that starting from the optimized value as initial estimate the accuracy of the sensory information has further been improved up to any pre defined bounded range, by developing two architectures – FFA (fission–fusion architecture) and FDD (fusion in differential domain). Sufficient evidences and analyses have been provided in the paper to show its effectiveness in various applications.     

紫菜酶解产物锌螯合-α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂活性肽的研究

研究紫菜酶解α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性肽与锌螯合反应的条件,并对锌-螯合-糖苷酶抑制剂活性肽的胃肠消化稳定性进行评价。对条斑紫菜在一定条件下进行内切与外切蛋白酶的复合酶解获得具备α-葡萄糖苷酶高抑制活性的多肽,采用超滤纳滤双膜组合分离后旋转蒸发浓缩冻干,获得的多肽质量浓度为1 mg/mL时对0.5 mg/mL的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率达68%;利用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性肽与锌溶液反应进行螯合条件优化,螯合的最佳条件为：时间1.5 h,pH 4.5,温度37 ℃,质量浓度6 mg/mL,得到的锌-螯合-糖苷酶抑制剂活性肽溶液螯合度为25.6%,螯合后对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性提高到79.8%;建立体外胃肠消化模型,以α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性为指标,评价制备的锌-螯合-糖苷酶抑制剂活性肽的胃肠消化耐受性,结果表明：经过不同酶与底物比、时间胃消化后α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性下降均在7%左右,十二指肠消化后,抑制活性下降均在5%以内,具有良好的胃肠消化稳定活性。