Recently, an aqueous particulate sol–gel process using metallic chloride precursors was introduced to synthesize zirconium titanate. In this paper, the effect of annealing temperature on the structural and corrosion protection characteristics of spin-coated thin films obtained from this sol–gel system was investigated. Based on scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and spectroscopic reflectometry studies, it was found that the flatness and thickness of the thin films were decreased by increasing the annealing temperature. Also, the corrosion protection of stainless steel AISI 316L provided by the prepared coatings, as analyzed by electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization experiments in a simulated body fluid, was improved in this order: 500 °C-annealed sample<900 °C-annealed sample<700 °C-annealed sample, attributed to a compromise between the defect density and the adhesion of the films to the substrate. 相似文献
A high performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet method developed for the simple and direct determination of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
(HMB) in liquid nutritional products and dietary supplements is described. Method suitability was defined by experimental
assessments of linearity (r2 > 0.9999), precision (day-to-day RSD <1.5%), accuracy (spike recoveries = 98.1–102.4%, n = 28), selectivity (peak purity average = 99.8 ± 0.8%, n = 10; absence of interference verified by placebo analysis), and quantitation limit (90 mg/kg or 0.8 mM). The method provides
for a simple, accurate, and precise quantification of HMB, when present at millimolar concentrations in liquid nutritional
products and dietary supplements. 相似文献
Most of the researches on error rate analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS-CDMA) systems assume that the synchronization is perfect. However, in practice, the synchronization is often imperfect due to various effects of channel parameters such as noise and fading. The degree of imperfection further increases due to jamming attacks. The present study, therefore, derives new expressions to compute the probability of error in DSSS-CDMA systems under imperfect synchronisation. It is assumed that the channel is wideband and is subjected to various jamming attacks. A new parameter, called as probability of successful synchronization, was introduced which includes the effects of both the probability of false alarm and detection under fast and slow jammers. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted in MATLAB to establish the validity of the derived mathematical expressions.
This article deals with the design of Moreno cross‐guide couplers based on supershapes for X‐band applications. Crossed‐waveguide couplers are mainly used due to their compact structures. In these couplers, cross‐aperture structures are usually employed to offer flat coupling and high isolation. In the present article, the possible shapes for apertures and metal inserts that can be derived by the superfomula curves are explored and the effects of variations of superformula parameters are investigated on the performance of Moreno coupler. Finally, the proposed Moreno coupler is validated through fabrication and measurement. The experimental validation shows an excellent agreement with the simulated results. In the frequency range from 8 to 12.5 GHz, the measured coupling value changes from 18.8 to 20.8 dB and the directivity is better than 38 dB and 29 dB from 8 to 11 GHz and 11 to 12.5 GHz, respectively. The results are valuable for the design and evaluation of broadband high directive waveguide couplers. 相似文献