Microbiological denitrification of red beet juice

The purpose of study was the determination of optimal conditions for red beet juice denitrification by Paracoccus denitrificans bacteria as well as the evaluation of the usefulness of microbiologically treated juice for the production of a natural colouring preparation for foods. Total reduction of nitrates was found during bacterial culturing at 25 and 30 °C, at an initial pH of 7.0-8.0 and juice osmotic pressure of 900-1100 mOsm/kg. Microbiological denitrification procedure affected colour, taste and aroma of the juice. However, the use of juice as food colouring and component was made feasible by acidification and partial evaporation of water together with volatile substances.     

Suspension force and mechanism of debris flows

The paper discusses the postulated suspension force, by which it is possible to explain some enigmatic phenomena observed in different types of mass movements. This force is generated in thick suspensions as a result of friction between sinking solid particles and static water. The suspension force is related to the seepage force but they have opposite directions. Both forces form flow networks. Having explained the suspension force, the paper describes how this influences the movement of material, particularly in debris flows. Enigmatic features and the mechanism of debris flows and lahars are explained by virtue of the suspension force. Electronic Publication     

法国产CT4型横拼双金属专用真空电子束焊机原理与构造

试述法国TECHMETA公司产的CT4型横拼双金属专用真空电子束焊机原理与构造，其中主要阐述电子枪控制电路板的原理。     

金属Be真空出气性能的测试

利用四极质谱计测试了国产金属铍材在 10 0℃～ 6 0 0℃不同温度下的真空出气成分及相对含量 ,实验得出铍的大量出气主要在温度 4 0 0℃～ 5 0 0℃之间 ,其放出气体的主要成分按放气量大小依次为H2 O ,CO2 ,N2 ,CO ,Ar和H2 ,利用限流小孔半定量的计算了铍材的出气量。     

Scheduling railway traffic at a construction site

We consider the problem of rescheduling trains in the case where one track of a railway section consisting of two tracks in opposing directions is closed due to construction activities. After presenting an appropriate model for this situation we derive a polynomial algorithm for the subproblem of finding an optimal schedule with minimal latenesss if the subsequences of trains for both directions outside the construction site are fixed. Based on this algorithm we propose a local search procedure for the general problem of finding good schedules and report test results for some real world instances. Received: December 8, 1999 / Accepted: May 2, 2001     

Replacement of beef fat in Frankfurters by interesterified palm,cottonseed and olive oils

Three interesterified vegetable oils (IVOs) prepared from palm, cottonseed, and olive oil, respectively, have been studied for application to Frankfurters. Beef fat (10%) was replaced by one of the IVOs at 20, 60 or 100%. Fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction in the Frankfurters and saturated/unsaturated ratios were established for all batches. We found that total or partial replacement of beef fat by IVOs did not lead to significant changes in appearance, colour, texture, flavour or sensory score. We conclude that IVOs may be successfully applied as beef fat substitutes in Frankfurters.     

The organisational learning effects of management accounting information under advanced manufacturing technology

This study empirically examined the organisational learning effects of the nonfinancial performance information provided by management accounting information systems (MAISs) under advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In this study, a target costing system and the frequent and quick reporting of information were considered the facilitators of learning. First, we examined the relationships between AMT level and the amount of nonfinancial performance information produced by MAISs. The empirical results showed that there are significant positive relationships between the level of AMT and nonfinancial performance information. With a systems approach, we also proved the impact of the relationships among AMT levels, nonfinancial performance information and learning facilitators on the organisational performance of a firm. The results of our research suggest that under a high level of AMT, for the provision of information to result in an increase of performance through organisational learning, a target costing system must be introduced and a large amount of information should be provided frequently and quickly. The results of this study also showed that although AMT level may be low, fairly well-arranged facilitators and a moderately large amount of information may be necessary for the improvement of performance. In conclusion, effective organisational learning depends on the provision of relevant information as well as efficient learning support mechanisms.     

试论降低成本的设计技术

一个新产品的功能和成本水平基本上已在产品设计阶段就确定了。研究降低成本的设计技术就是为了给设计师提供一套行之有效的降低和优化成本的辅助设计工具。降低成本设计的技术内涵是与设计过程并行的成本估算、知识基系统的建立和质量及成本的综合优化。论述了各国对此项技术研究应用的状况、技术分析、发展特点和研究前沿的项目及内容 ,如对此技术研究应用的迫切性、对降低成本的最佳时机和产品的全成本概念等的探讨和认识 ;对成本扩展到产品寿命全周期、对目标成本控制法和成本优化设计等的研究和应用。     

利用系统分析方法进行单井措施优选

油井措施增油一直是油田控制产量递减、含水上升的主要做法，但是随着油田开采程度加深，地下油水分布十分复杂，选择油水井措施难度越来越大。为此，运用系统分析方法进行单井措施优选，通过对区块水驱油、水驱水、井间干扰以及油井的液、油、含水率间关系，综合判断出区块内滞留区、死油区和动用好的区域，指出今后挖潜方向。此方法均应用动态数据，客观性较强、准确性较高，克服了以往选择单井措施的盲目性和主观性。并将该方法在大庆油田杏八、九区基础井网提液试验过程中得到应用，效果较好。