Chronic hepatitis in children after liver transplantation: role of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus infections

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic graft hepatitis occurs in 20-30% adults after liver transplantation but the prevalence and causes in children are not known. In adults, hepatitis C virus infection is prevalent prior to transplantation and recurrent infection is a frequent cause of graft dysfunction. The significance of the recently described hepatitis G virus infection remains unproven. The aim of this study was to examine the role of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus infection in chronic graft hepatitis after paediatric liver transplantation. METHODS: The prevalence of graft hepatitis and the role of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus infections in 80 children after liver transplantation have been studied, with a median follow up of 4.4 years (range 0.4 to 10.7), and the persistence of hepatitis G infection in the presence of immunosuppression has been determined. RESULTS: Chronic graft hepatitis was diagnosed in 19/80 (24%) children and was most frequently seen in children transplanted for cryptogenic cirrhosis (71%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis in those transplanted before or after donor anti-HCV screening. Hepatitis C infection occurred in three children transplanted prior to donor screening but in only one was associated with chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis G infection was found in 22/79 (28%) transplant recipients but was not associated with graft hepatitis. In 17/21 children hepatitis G infection persisted for a median of 5.2 years after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Chronic hepatitis occurred in 24% of children after liver transplantation, a similar prevalence to that in adults. Cryptogenic liver disease predisposed to graft hepatitis, but neither hepatitis C nor hepatitis G infection was associated. Hepatitis G virus caused a frequent and usually persistent infection after transplantation.     

Analysis of vitamin formulations by electrokinetic chromatography utilizing tetradecylammonium ions as the pseudostationary phase

A recently proposed method for the separation of fat-soluble vitamins by electrokinetic chromatography was further developed and investigated in the present study. The separation medium consisted of acetonitrile-water (80:20 v/v) and contained 80 mM tetradecylammonium bromide (TDA+); the content of acetonitrile served to maintain the hydrophobic vitamins dissolved during electrophoresis, while the TDA+ ions served as the pseudostationary phase. With the cathode placed at the outlet of the capillary, the fat-soluble vitamins were separated based on different hydrophobic interactions to the TDA+ ions and migrated in order of decreasing hydrophobicity prior to the electroosmotic flow. Migration time stability was significantly enhanced by the addition of 4 mM borate to the separation medium. The separation system was validated for the determination of vitamin E acetate in commercial tablets; quantitative results deviated by less than 3.5% from specified values, varying by less than 2.5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for within-day experiments, and by less than 6.5% RSD during between-day experiments. The separation system was compatible with injection solvents ranging in polarity from water to tetrahydrofuran, and was even capable of separating the water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, B12, and nicotinamide.     

10MeV中子引起的~（238）U，~（209）Bi，Fe和~9Be的次级中子

１０ＭｅＶ中子引起的￣（２３８）Ｕ，￣（２０９）Ｂｉ，Ｆｅ和￣９Ｂｅ的次级中子双微分截面测量祁步嘉，唐洪庆，周祖英，周陈维，沈冠仁，柯尊建，孙振强，夏海鸿（中国原子能科学研究院核物理所，北京２７５－４６信箱，１０２４１３）次级中子双微分截面是核工程设...     

Expression of beta 2-integrins and L-selectin on polymorphonuclear leukocytes in septic patients

Adhesion molecules on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play an important role in nonspecific defense mechanisms directed at invading microorganisms. When local infection, however, cannot be controlled, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ensues which may progress to septic shock and multiple organ failure, these being major determinants of the patient's outcome. In the present study, the expression of beta 2-integrins and L-selectin on blood PMNL was measured on subsequent days in patients with sepsis (n = 17) and in healthy volunteers (n = 15). beta 2-Integrins and L-selectin molecules were detected by flow cytometry, using the monoclonal antibodies IB4 (anti-CD18) and Dreg200 (anti-CD62L), respectively. Adhesion molecules were determined at baseline immediately after blood collection and also 45 min after incubation of cells in vitro at body temperature to allow for spontaneous regulation. In addition, PMNL were activated by receptor-dependent and receptor-independent stimuli to characterize stimulus-specific adhesion molecule expression. In parallel with the measurement of adhesion molecules, severity of sepsis was assessed by the Elebute score. The results demonstrate significant differences in the basal, spontaneous and stimulus-induced expression of adhesion molecules between healthy volunteers, survivors (n = 11) and nonsurvivors (n = 6). Moreover, when survivors and nonsurvivors with severe sepsis (Elebute score > 12) were compared, basal expressions of both beta 2-integrins and L-selectin were significantly lower in patients who did not survive. Thus, measurement of adhesion molecules on circulating PMNL may be useful to identify septic patients at high risk for lethal outcome.     

设计沟通中的噪音——从传播学角度看设计沟通中的困难

文章从传播学的角度探讨设计沟通过程中的困难。设计沟通是贯穿于整个设计管理活动的重要环节,是传达信息的主要途径,但在实践过程中却经常遇到困难,导致设计活动无法顺利进行。文章通过引入噪音的概念,分析设计沟通的困难产生的原因,并利用传播学的理论提出通过冗余调节噪音的想法,以解决设计沟通中的问题。     

玻纤增强复合材料及其复合绝缘横担覆冰特性研究

为了指导复合材料横担在重冰区的应用,本文开展了玻纤增强复合材料及复合材料绝缘横担的覆冰特性研究.结果表明:空白样品在垂直悬挂方式下的覆冰量和冰闪络电压均优于水平悬挂样品,且覆冰量均少于对应的亲水性的纯铝棒和Q345钢棒;涂覆PRTV涂料的复合材料样品覆冰量比空白样品少,对应的闪络电压大幅提升,且对应样品的冰面粘附力值最小,为纯铝棒冰面粘附力值的19％,而空白样品的冰面粘附力值为纯铝棒的78％.硅橡胶复合绝缘横担的覆冰特性正好和复合材料试样相反,水平悬挂方式下复合绝缘横担覆冰量相比垂直悬挂的同规格复合绝缘子减少了30％,闪络电压提高了51％.     

10 kV绝缘横担的轻量化设计及应用研究

为充分发挥绝缘横担轻质高强的特点,提高绝缘横担的使用寿命,满足腐蚀严重区域的使用需求,引进高强铝合金材料对10 kV绝缘横担进行轻量化设计及应用研究.从横担芯体、中间固定金具及配套附件三个方面对绝缘横担进行了轻量化的结构设计,采用有限元软件进行了详细的计算分析,为试制提供技术支撑.采用高强铝合金材料对方棒和T形绝缘横担的中间固定金具和配套抱箍进行了试制,并进行了抗弯、抗拉和抗扭测试,结果均满足要求.为了验证铝合金材料金具在绝缘横担中使用的稳定性,对方棒绝缘横担进行了热机循环试验,然后对两端金具进行抗拉试验,结果表现良好.经统计,高强铝合金材料在10 kV绝缘横担中的应用,大幅降低了整体质量(减轻近40％),可大大减少安装运输成本.     

液压系统原理图自动绘制软件设计

为了提高液压系统原理图的绘制效率和绘图质量，本文利用Delphi编程软件开发出液压系统原理图自动绘制软件。建立了液压元件图形库，拟定了液压元件问关联点的连线规则，并能对已绘制好的液压系统原理图进行移动、放大、缩小、删除等编辑。开发出的软件在实际应用中极大地提高了绘图效率和绘图质量。     

EFFECT OF NaOH CONCENTRATION AND AlO_2~- SPECIES ON CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF A LOW ALLOY STEEL AT 260℃

用慢应变速率法（ＳＳＲＴ）、动电位扫描和循环伏安法研究１６ＭｎＲ钢在氧化铝溶出过程中的高温碱脆行为。结果表明，在２６０℃，１６ＭｎＲ钢的碱脆敏感性随ＮａＯＨ浓度（７．４２－１０．０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的升高而增大；当碱液中含有ＡｌＯ２＾－离子时，１６ＭｎＲ钢的碱脆敏感电位区缩小，样品表面腐蚀产物保护性好，ＡｌＯ２＾－离子对低合金钢高温碱脆有一定抑制作用；１６ＭｎＲ钢在２６０℃碱液中生成的腐蚀产物为Ｆｅ３     

液体消毒洗涤剂的研制

研制了具有消毒杀菌、洗涤去污双重功效的液体消毒洗涤剂 ,测定了其对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果。结果表明 ,消毒洗涤剂的杀菌效果随其浓度的增加 ,作用时间的延长而提高 ;戊二醛浓度为 2 0 0× 10 -6时 ,与金黄色葡萄球菌作用 5min ,杀灭率可达 99.99%。将消毒洗涤剂在室温下放置半年 ,戊二醛分解率为 17.3 1%