顶部定常吸气对高层建筑模型气动力的影响

为减少高层建筑受到的风荷载,提高高层建筑抗风性能,提出一种顶部吸气的主动控制方法。在一高宽比为H/d=5的正方形截面柱体的高层建筑模型上,通过在其顶部前边缘开设狭缝进行吸气来实现流动控制。通过风洞试验研究了顶部吸气对气动力与顶部分离流的影响.利用流动可视化与流场测试结果揭示了顶部狭缝吸气的控制机理.实验对比了不同吸气系数Q(=U/U_∞,U为狭缝吸气速度)对气动力控制效果的影响,并对Q=0,1和3的三种工况下风压分布与顶部剪切流进行了详细对比.研究发现狭缝吸气改变了顶部分离流特性,并对模型所有高度上的气动力均有显著影响.Q=1时控制效果最佳,脉动阻力与脉动升力分别减小17.8%和45.5%.此时顶面分离流被削弱并伴随有再附现象且湍流强度较大,最有利于顶部剪切流与尾流间的动量交换,从而削弱柱体展向涡脱落与脉动气动力.     

高速公路施工区车辆强制换道耗时生存模型

为研究高速公路施工区车辆强制换道行为及其影响因素,采用生存分析中的半参数分析方法建立强制换道耗时的乘法风险率模型.通过无人机拍摄采集高速公路施工区的车辆换道耗时及其影响因素数据,最终确立换道耗时Cox比例风险模型,对换道耗时数据进行Cox回归建模分析.结果表明:近77%的换道车辆在10 s内完成换道;小型车和中型车经养护施工区的换道耗时未发现显著性差别;对于相同的换道耗时,平峰期的累积生存率明显低于高峰期和过渡时期,而高峰期的累积生存率最高.建立的强制换道耗时生存模型可有效的定量分析车型和交通时段对高速公路施工区车辆换道行为的影响,可为高速公路施工区交通管理控制及车辆换道行为建模及仿真奠定一定的理论基础.     

Effect of deposition time on microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC coatings prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition with the Br<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Zr-C<Subscript>3</Subscript>H<Subscript>6</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Ar System

ZrC coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) with the Br₂-Zr-C₃H₆-H₂-Ar system. The effects of deposition time on the microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC coatings were investigated. ZrC coating grew in an island-layer mode. The formation of coating was dominated by the nucleation of ZrC in the initial 20 minutes, and the rapid nucleation generated a fine-grained structure of ZrC coating. When the deposition time was over 30 min, the growth of coating was dominated by that of crystals, giving a column-arranged structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the molar ratio of carbon to zirconium was near 1:1 in ZrC coating, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that ZrC was the main phase in coatings, accompanied by about 2.5mol% ZrO₂ minor phase.     

3DBER-S-Fe深度脱氮除磷效果

为强化三维电极生物膜(3DBER)工艺深度脱氮除磷性能,提高污水厂尾水质量,将硫磺和海绵铁作为混合填料,构建硫铁复合填料三维电极生物膜(3DBER-S-Fe)脱氮除磷工艺;在不同ρ( C)/ρ( N)、I和水力停留时间( HRT)运行条件下,探究工艺深度脱氮除磷效果.分别从反应器填料和阴极上取生物膜,通过Miseq高通量测序,构建细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库.结果表明：在运行条件为ρ(C)/ρ(N)=2、I=150 mA和HRT=4 h时,3DBER-S-Fe对总氮和总磷的去除率分别可达85.59%和97.43%;适当增加ρ( C)/ρ( N)、I和HRT均能不同程度提高系统脱氮除磷效率.在填料和阴极上丰度最大的均为具有硫自养反硝化功能的Thiobacillus,分别占40.62%和44.75%;具有氢自养反硝化功能的Rhodocyclaceae在阴极的分布明显多于填料.因此,3DBER-S-Fe具有较高的脱氮性能主要是硫自养反硝化和氢自养反硝化共同作用的结果,且氢自养反硝化过程主要发生在阴极.     

四维混沌系统及其在图像加密中的应用

传统基于低维混沌系统的图像加密算法往往具有密钥空间较小、安全性较差的问题。针对这些问题,首先提出了一类新的平衡点不稳定的四维离散混沌系统,通过数值仿真对该类系统进行了动力学行为分析,正的Lyapunov指数的个数可以达到三个。同时并基于该类混沌系统设计了一个新的图像加密方案,并进一步对明密文的分布直方图、相关系数、信息熵以及加密方案对参数的敏感性进行了分析。分析结果表明,该加密方案抵抗外来攻击的能力强,密钥空间可达2996△,具有较高的安全性。     

Constructing confidence intervals of extreme rainfall quantiles using Bayesian,bootstrap, and profile likelihood approaches

Hydrological risk is highly dependent on the occurrence of extreme rainfalls.This fact has led to a wide range of studies on the estimation and uncertainty analysis of the extremes.In most cases,confidence intervals(CIs)are constructed to represent the uncertainty of the estimates.Since the accuracy of CIs depends on the asymptotic normality of the data and is questionable with limited observations in practice,a Bayesian highest posterior density(HPD)interval,bootstrap percentile interval,and profile likelihood(PL)interval have been introduced to analyze the uncertainty that does not depend on the normality assumption.However,comparison studies to investigate their performances in terms of the accuracy and uncertainty of the estimates are scarce.In addition,the strengths,weakness,and conditions necessary for performing each method also must be investigated.Accordingly,in this study,test experiments with simulations from varying parent distributions and different sample sizes were conducted.Then,applications to the annual maximum rainfall(AMR)time series data in South Korea were performed.Five districts with 38-year(1973–2010)AMR observations were fitted by the three aforementioned methods in the application.From both the experimental and application results,the Bayesian method is found to provide the lowest uncertainty of the design level while the PL estimates generally have the highest accuracy but also the largest uncertainty.The bootstrap estimates are usually inferior to the other two methods,but can perform adequately when the distribution model is not heavy-tailed and the sample size is large.The distribution tail behavior and the sample size are clearly found to affect the estimation accuracy and uncertainty.This study presents a comparative result,which can help researchers make decisions in the context of assessing extreme rainfall uncertainties.     

负载型钼基催化剂的制备及其合成甲硫醇的性能研究

本文采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列负载型钼基催化剂,系统研究了不同K/Mo摩尔比、第二助剂和不同载体的钼基催化剂对混合气(CO/H2S/H2)制备甲硫醇性能的影响.由催化剂的活性评价可知,当K/Mo摩尔比为2.0时,催化剂具有最大的反应活性;分别添加铁、钴和镍3种过渡金属制备的催化剂对甲硫醇的选择性大小顺序为:CoNiFe;比较SBA-15和Si O2两种载体,发现K-Mo-Co/SBA-15的催化活性明显高于K-Mo-Co/Si O2,甲硫醇的选择性达到46.77%.实验分别采用N2-吸脱附、XRD和H2-TPR等手段对不同K/Mo摩尔比和负载2种不同载体的钼基催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂的结构和性能进行了探讨.     

聚苯乙烯注塑成型制品双折射行为模拟分析

建立了模拟聚合物注塑成型过程中流动应力的数学模型.利用Leonov黏弹性模型对聚苯乙烯熔体在非等温幂率稳态剪切流下的流动行为进行模拟分析.并研究了聚苯乙烯在注塑成型填充过程中,由于流动而产生的剪切和拉伸作用以及模腔内聚合物熔体的温度变化对制品双折射行为的影响,得到了与实验相符的结果,证明了本研究中模拟方法的可行性.     

响应面法优化酶法辅助提取熟地黄多糖的工艺研究

为优化纤维素酶法辅助提取熟地黄中多糖的提取方法,在单因素试验基础上,选取pH、酶解温度、提取时间、酶用量为自变量,多糖得率为响应值,采用中心组合(Box-Behnken)试验设计方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对多糖得率的影响.采用Design-Expert软件,建立多糖得率与提取过程中各因素的二次多项式模型,并通过响应面优化法确定在pH为6的条件下熟地黄多糖提取最佳工艺为:酶解温度57℃、酶解时间2 h、酶用量1.8%,在此修正条件下,提取多糖的预测值为7.05%.经过试验验证,熟地黄多糖的得率为7.18%,与预测值的相对误差为1.84%,验证了数学模型的有效性.     

直缝焊管焊缝质量电磁超声检测方法研究

为实现直缝焊管焊缝内缺陷检测,采用周向电磁超声SH0导波检测技术,研究了基于磁致伸缩效应激励周向SH0模态导波,确定了周向SH0导波激励频率,设计了一款一发双收差分接收的直缝焊管焊缝缺陷检测探头。结果表明:该系统能够激发单一模态周向SH0导波,实际波速与模型分析结果吻合;针对直径116 mm、壁厚3.5 mm的激光直缝焊管焊缝的Φ0.6 mm盲孔和Φ1.0 mm通孔,通过差分探头的信号处理,能够实现焊缝处Φ1.0 mm通孔和Φ0.6 mm盲孔缺陷的检测。