AlN-SiC-particle-reinforced composites have been prepared at lessthan equal to1400°C using submicrometer AlN, -325 mesh alpha-SiC particles, and polymethylsilane (PMS; -(CH3SiH) n -) via a polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. PMS is an organometallic SiC polymer precursor that can be modified with 16 wt% cross-linking aid to provide mPMS. mPMS converts to nanocrystalline β-SiC with >80% ceramic yield (1000°C in argon) with some excess (<5 wt%) graphitic carbon. mPMS has been used successfully as a nonfugitive binder for AlN-SiC compacts. Densities of 2.5 versus 2.1 g/cm3 have been obtained after nine PIP cycles for disk-shaped compacts formulated with and without mPMS binder, respectively. alpha-SiC seeds crystallization of β-SiC derived from mPMS at temperatures as low as 1000°C. Some evidence suggests that AlN-SiC solid solutions form at particle/matrix interfaces. 相似文献
The photocatalytic degradation of phenol, chosen as an aromatic model molecule, has been performed at room temperature (20°C) in contact with a suspended mixture of titania and of activated carbon (AC). Non-additive adsorption capacities were observed when the solids were mixed, and this was ascribed to a strong interaction, involving half of the surface of titania and ca. 14% of that of AC. A synergy effect was observed with an increase of the first order rate constant by a factor of 2.5. As for neat titania, the same main intermediate products (hydroquinone and benzoquinone) were found but in much smaller quantities and during a much smaller lifetime, suggesting that the same reaction mechanism occurred in the presence of photoinactive AC. The synergy effect was ascribed to an extended adsorption of phenol on AC followed by a transfer to titania where it is photocatalytically degraded. The synergy effect could not be improved by previous physical treatments of the solid mixture such as grinding and sonication. Some phenol remained adsorbed on AC when no traces of organic compounds were detected in the purified water. This adsorbed phenol could be destroyed by illuminated titania while maintaining UV-irradiation. This combined photocatalytic system may appear as a new performing one, more efficient with a shorter time necessary for decontaminating diluted used waters. 相似文献
At three Finnish meat processing plants the processing rooms, meat trimmings and carcasses were examined for the presence of ropy slime-producing lactic acid bacteria. Bacterial isolates similar to ropy slime-producing lactobacilli strains able to produce ropy slime on meat products, were recovered from the processing rooms and meat trimmings, indicating that these rooms and raw materials are a source of contamination for ropy bacteria. The ability to produce ropy slime would appear to be a common characteristic of lactobacilli, since altogether 10 different ropy lactobacilli groups were isolated in this study. 相似文献
Ferric sulfate is used in water purification. The oxidation of ferrous sulfate, FeSO4, to ferric sulfate in acidic aqueous solutions of H2SO4 over finely dispersed active carbon particles was studied in a vigorously stirred batch reactor. Molecular oxygen was used as the oxidation agent and two kinds of catalysts were utilized: active carbon, doped active carbon. Both active carbon and doped active carbon catalysts enhanced the oxidation rate considerably.
Systematic kinetic experiments were carried out at the temperature and pressure ranges of 60–100°C and 4–10 bar, respectively. The results revealed that both non-catalytic and catalytic oxidation of Fe2+ take place simultaneously. The experimental data were fitted to rate equations, which were based on a plausible reaction mechanism: adsorption of dissolved oxygen on active carbon, electron transfer from Fe2+ ions to adsorbed oxygen and formation of surface hydroxyls. A comparison of the Fe2+ concentrations predicted by the kinetic model with the experimentally observed concentrations indicated that the mechanistic rate equations were able to describe the intrinsic oxidation kinetics of Fe2+ over pure active carbon and doped active carbon catalysts. 相似文献
Seed oils of wild berries of alpine currant (AC) and northern redcurrant (NRC) were investigated. Oil contents of AC and
NRC varied between 4.9 % and 9.7% and between 12.8% and 38.5%, respectively. The proportions of α-linolenic, γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids were higher in NRC (means of 21.7, 12.3 and 5.4%, respectively) than in AC (16.8, 8.6 and
3.0%). The growth areas of NRC can be divided into two distinct groups according to the proportions of different polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Oil content of NRC correlated negatively to the proportion of linoleic acid and positively to that of stearidonic
acid. There were significant correlations between all polyunsaturated fatty acids in NRC but correlations were less obvious
in AC. Interestingly, the correlation between linoleic and γ-linolenic acids was positive in NRC but negative in AC. α-Linolenic and stearidonic acids showed positive correlations in both species. In NRC the synthesis of triunsaturated fatty
acids is directed either towards α-linolenic or γ-linolenic acids. Results showed great potential in NRC and AC for plant breeding due to the natural variation in the content
and composition of the seed oils for functional nutrients.
Received: 20 August 1999 / Revised version: 29 October 1999 相似文献
The quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis offers often an exact and practical technique to determine the relative amounts of the phases of the solid in question. The sample may contain only one amorphous phase.
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the suitability of this technique to quantify the phase fractions of pharmaceutical substances. Three different method were used to determine the relative amounts of phases. Methods were compared and the major sources of error were estimated. The measurements and calculations are carried out using selegilin hydrochloride, mannitol and modified starch as an example. The results show that the amount of about 2 % of selegilin hydrochloride can be observed reliably from among the mannitol (crystalline substance) or modified starch (amorphous substance). During the work it became obvious that the accuracy of these calculations can essentially be improved planning the measurements carefully. 相似文献
In this article simulation and measurement results of a FPGA implementation of a baseband digital complex gain predistorter
with a quadrature modulator and demodulation error correction circuits are presented. Four different methods for finding the
quadrature error correction values are compared and the effect of quadrature errors to predistortion is discussed. A 50 dB
three stage power amplifier chain with an analog quadrature modulator and demodulator was used in the measurements as the
device to be predistorted. The signal used in the measurements and simulations was a 30 dBm 18 kHz 16-QAM signal at 400 MHz
carrier frequency. In the measurements 15 dB reduction in 3rd order nonlinearity was achieved. The usage of quadrature error
correction reduced the adjacent channel power by 9 dB.
Ilari Teikari was born in Tampere, Finland, in 1978. He received the M.Sc. (tech.) degree from Helsinki University of Technology (HUT),
Helsinki, Finland, in 2002. He is currently working toward D.Sc. (tech) degree in the electronic circuit design laboratory,
HUT.
His current research intrests are in the area of power amplifier linearization methods and digital circuit design.
Jouko Vankka was born in Helsinki, Finland, in 1965. He received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Helsinki University
of Technology (HUT) in 1991 and 2000, respectively. Since 1995, he has been with the Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory,
HUT. His research interests include VLSI architectures and mixed-signal integrated circuits for communication applications.
Kari A. I. Halonen was born in Helsinki, Finland, on May 23, 1958. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Helsinki University
of Technology, Finland, in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in
Heverlee, Belgium, in 1987.
From 1982 to 1984 he was employed as assistant at Helsinki University of Technology and as research assistant at the Technical
Research Center of Finland. From 1984 to 1987 he was a research assistant at the E.S.A.T. Laboratory of the Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, enjoying also a temporary grant of the Academy of Finland. Since 1988 he has been with the Electronic Circuit Design
Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, as senior assistant (1988–1990), and the director of the Integrated Circuit
Design Unit of the Microelectronics Center (1990–1993). He was on leave of absence the academic year 1992–1993, acting as
R&D manager in Fincitec Inc., Finland. From 1993 to 1996 he has been an associate professor, and since 1997 a full professor
at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, Helsinki University of Technology. He became the Head of
Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory year 1998. From 1997 to 1999 he was an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits
and Systems I. He has been a guest editor for IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits and the Technical Program Committee Chairman
for European Solid-State Circuits Conference year 2000. He has been awarded the Beatrice Winner Award in ISSCC'02 Conference
year 2002.
He specializes in CMOS and BiCMOS analog integrated circuits, particularly for telecommunication applications. He is author
or co-author over a hundred and fifty international and national conference and journal publications on analog integrated
circuits. He has several patents on analog integrated circuits. 相似文献
The oxide one-pot synthesis (OOPS) process was used to synthesize a polymer precursor to potassium aluminosilicate, KAlSiO4 (KASp). A KAlSiO4 gel (KASg) also was produced via a solgel route using the same precursor. The two routes to KAlSiO4 were explored to compare the effects of the two processing methods on powder properties. The KASp and KASg powders both transformed on heating (.500°C) to amorphous, high-surface-area powders with narrow pore-size distributions (4–24 nm). These anhydrous, amorphous powders were intrinsic electrorheological (ER) materials. Both materials crystallized at } 1070°C, and thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffractometry suggested that they were identical. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy proved that the KASp powders were homogeneous, whereas the KASg powders were heterogeneous and segregated. The KASg powders exhibited better ER properties that were associated with the segregated phases. 相似文献