Decision support system for classifying archaeological pottery profiles based on Mathematical Morphology

We present a decision support system to help archaeologists in classifying wheel-made pottery pieces by its profile. A novel shape characterization method, using Mathematical Morphology, is introduced for this purpose. Each profile is represented as a vector, obtained by sampling the so called morphological curves (erosion, dilation, opening and closing), and Euclidean Distance is used as a similarity measure. We show results of our method applied to a profile database of Iberian Pottery from the upper valley of Guadalquivir River (Spain).     

Music staff removal with supervised pixel classification

This work presents a novel approach to tackle the music staff removal. This task is devoted to removing the staff lines from an image of a music score while maintaining the symbol information. It represents a key step in the performance of most optical music recognition systems. In the literature, staff removal is usually solved by means of image processing procedures based on the intrinsics of music scores. However, we propose to model the problem as a supervised learning classification task. Surprisingly, although there is a strong background and a vast amount of research concerning machine learning, the classification approach has remained unexplored for this purpose. In this context, each foreground pixel is labelled as either staff or symbol. We use pairs of scores with and without staff lines to train classification algorithms. We test our proposal with several well-known classification techniques. Moreover, in our experiments no attempt of tuning the classification algorithms has been made, but the parameters were set to the default setting provided by the classification software libraries. The aim of this choice is to show that, even with this straightforward procedure, results are competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we also discuss several advantages of this approach for which conventional methods are not applicable such as its high adaptability to any type of music score.     

Hefestos: an intelligent system applied to ubiquitous accessibility

This article proposes Hefestos, an intelligent system applied to ubiquitous accessibility. This model uses ubiquitous computing concepts to manage accessibility resources for people with disabilities. Among the concepts employed, context awareness, user profiles and trails management can be highlighted. The paper proposes an ontology for accessibility and delineates scenarios of its application in everyday life of people with disabilities. Moreover, the implementation of a smart wheelchair prototype and its application in a practical experiment is described. Ten users with a range of disability degrees tried the system and filled out a survey based on the technology acceptance model. This experiment demonstrated the main functionalities and the acceptance of the system. The results showed 96 % of acceptance regarding perceived easy of use and 98 % in perceived usefulness. These results were encouraging and show the potential for implementing Hefestos in real life situations.     

Real time motion estimation using a neural architecture implemented on GPUs

This work describes a neural network based architecture that represents and estimates object motion in videos. This architecture addresses multiple computer vision tasks such as image segmentation, object representation or characterization, motion analysis and tracking. The use of a neural network architecture allows for the simultaneous estimation of global and local motion and the representation of deformable objects. This architecture also avoids the problem of finding corresponding features while tracking moving objects. Due to the parallel nature of neural networks, the architecture has been implemented on GPUs that allows the system to meet a set of requirements such as: time constraints management, robustness, high processing speed and re-configurability. Experiments are presented that demonstrate the validity of our architecture to solve problems of mobile agents tracking and motion analysis.     

A kernel-based framework for image collection exploration

While search engines have been a successful tool to search text information, image search systems still face challenges. The keyword-based query paradigm used to search in image collection systems, which has been successful in text retrieval, may not be useful in scenarios where the user does not have the precise way to express a visual query. Image collection exploration is a new paradigm where users interact with the image collection to discover useful and relevant pictures. This paper proposes a framework for the construction of an image collection exploration system based on kernel methods, which offers a mathematically strong basis to address each stage of an image collection exploration system: image representation, summarization, visualization and interaction. In particular, our approach emphasizes a semantic representation of images using kernel functions, which can be seamlessly harnessed across all system components. Experiments were conducted with real users to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed strategy.     

Managing Global Software Engineering: A Comparative Analysis of Offshore Outsourcing and the Internal Offshoring of Software Development

In this article, the authors compare offshore outsourcing and the internal offshoring of software development. Empirical evidence is presented from a case study conducted in five companies. Based on a detailed literature review, a framework was developed that guided the authors' analysis of the differences in the challenges faced by companies and the patterns of evolution in the practice of software development in each business model.     

Generative face alignment through 2.5D active appearance models

This work addresses the matching of a 3D deformable face model to 2D images through a 2.5D Active Appearance Models (AAM). We propose a 2.5D AAM that combines a 3D metric Point Distribution Model (PDM) and a 2D appearance model whose control points are defined by a full perspective projection of the PDM. The advantage is that, assuming a calibrated camera, 3D metric shapes can be retrieved from single view images. Two model fitting algorithms and their computational efficient approximations are proposed: the Simultaneous Forwards Additive (SFA) and the Normalization Forwards Additive (NFA), both based on the Lucas–Kanade framework. The SFA algorithm searches for shape and appearance parameters simultaneously whereas the NFA projects out the appearance from the error image and searches only for the shape parameters. SFA is therefore more accurate. Robust solutions for the SFA and NFA are also proposed in order to take into account the self-occlusion or partial occlusion of the face. Several performance evaluations for the SFA, NFA and theirs efficient approximations were performed. The experiments include evaluating the frequency of converge, the fitting performance in unseen data and the tracking performance in the FGNET Talking Face sequence. All results show that the 2.5D AAM can outperform both the 2D + 3D combined models and the 2D standard methods. The robust extensions to occlusion were tested on a synthetic sequence showing that the model can deal efficiently with large head rotation.     

COACH: COllaborative certificate stAtus CHecking mechanism for VANETs

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) require mechanisms to authenticate messages, identify valid vehicles, and remove misbehaving vehicles. A public key infrastructure (PKI) can be used to provide these functionalities using digital certificates. However, if a vehicle is no longer trusted, its certificates have to be revoked and this status information has to be made available to other vehicles as soon as possible. In this paper, we propose a collaborative certificate status checking mechanism called COACH to efficiently distribute certificate revocation information in VANETs. In COACH, we embed a hash tree in each standard Certificate Revocation List (CRL). This dual structure is called extended-CRL. A node possessing an extended-CRL can respond to certificate status requests without having to send the complete CRL. Instead, the node can send a short response (less than 1 kB) that fits in a single UDP message. Obviously, the substructures included in the short responses are authenticated. This means that any node possessing an extended-CRL can produce short responses that can be authenticated (including Road Side Units or intermediate vehicles). We also propose an extension to the COACH mechanism called EvCOACH that is more efficient than COACH in scenarios with relatively low revocation rates per CRL validity period. To build EvCOACH, we embed an additional hash chain in the extended-CRL. Finally, by conducting a detailed performance evaluation, COACH and EvCOACH are proved to be reliable, efficient, and scalable.     

Titans’ revenge: Detecting Zeus via its own flaws

Malware is one of the main threats to the Internet security in general, and to commercial transactions in particular. However, given the high level of sophistication reached by malware (e.g. usage of encrypted payload and obfuscation techniques), malware detection tools and techniques still call for effective and efficient solutions. In this paper, we address a specific, dreadful, and widely diffused financial malware: Zeus.The contributions of this paper are manifold: first, we propose a technique to break the encrypted malware communications, extracting the keystream used to encrypt such communications; second, we provide a generalization of the proposed keystream extraction technique. Further, we propose Cronus, an IDS that specifically targets Zeus malware. The implementation of Cronus has been experimentally tested on a production network, and its high quality performance and effectiveness are discussed. Finally, we highlight some principles underlying malware—and Zeus in particular—that could pave the way for further investigation in this field.     

Design and construction of an experimental pervious paved parking area to harvest reusable rainwater

Pervious pavements are sustainable urban drainage systems already known as rainwater infiltration techniques which reduce runoff formation and diffuse pollution in cities. The present research is focused on the design and construction of an experimental parking area, composed of 45 pervious pavement parking bays. Every pervious pavement was experimentally designed to store rainwater and measure the levels of the stored water and its quality over time. Six different pervious surfaces are combined with four different geotextiles in order to test which materials respond better to the good quality of rainwater storage over time and under the specific weather conditions of the north of Spain. The aim of this research was to obtain a good performance of pervious pavements that offered simultaneously a positive urban service and helped to harvest rainwater with a good quality to be used for non potable demands.