Proceedings of the eleventh annual meeting of the Southwestern Psychological Association.

"The Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Psychological Association was held at the Granada Hotel, San Antonio, Texas, April 9-11, 1964. The program consisted of 17 paper sessions, 11 symposia, 2 special sessions, an invited address, and a Presidential Address. Over 400 members and guests registered." The Presidential Address was delivered by Erwin A. Berg; an invited address was delivered by Harry Helson. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Production of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by human skin equivalents parasitized by Sarcoptes scabiei

Human skin equivalents (HSEs) were used as a model to investigate interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-1 beta secretions by keratinocytes stimulated by Sarcoptes scabiei (SS). SS mites burrowed into the stratum corneum when placed on the surface of cultured HSEs. Mites lived for 14 days. Mites and mite products induced cells in the HSEs to secrete IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta within 16 hr. Scabies mites induced production of greater amounts of IL-1 alpha than IL-1 beta. Hepatocyte growth factor in the culture medium at 3 and 30 ng/ml upregulated the secretions of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by mite-infested skin equivalents, whereas 10 ng/ml of IL-6 upregulated production of only IL-1 beta. Therefore, these cytokines were important immunomodulating factors influencing keratinocyte secretion of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in vitro. The results of this study provide the first evidence that keratinocytes (possibly fibroblasts) in the skin produce these cytokines in response to scabies mites or other ectoparasitic arthropods. Because IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are potent inducers of inflammation and keratinocytes are among the first effector cells to encounter scabies mites and their products, these cells may be key initiators of the inflammatory/immune reaction to scabies.     

Emerging issues in sleep-disordered breathing

An amplified capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed by the use of the biotin-avidin detection system, for the measurement of canine plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) A, G and M. Test responses of dilutions of both the Ig standards and test plasma samples were consistently linear (r > 0.987) for the three Ig classes. The within-assay variation was 3.53 per cent for IgG, 5.84 per cent for IgM and 6.34 per cent for IgA. The analytical recoveries were 95 per cent for IgA, 97 per cent for IgG and 98 per cent for IgM. The lower detection limits of the assay were 38.4 ng ml-1 for IgG, 20.3 ng ml-1 for IgM and 41.2 ng ml-1 for IgA. The results indicate that this ELISA has a much higher sensitivity than the single radial immunodiffusion assay or the non-amplified ELISA for measurements of canine Igs, but has a comparable specificity and precision.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2000 MPa Co-free maraging steel after aging at 753 K

The precipitation kinetics at the aging temperature of 753 K in a 2000 MPa grade Co-free maraging steel (Fe-18.9Ni-4.1Mo-1.9Ti, wt pct) has been studied. Under the peak-aged condition at 753 K, Ni₃Ti precipitates of moderate size were uniformly distributed in the martensite matrix, leading to optimal combination of strength (2000 MPa of yield strength) and fracture toughness (70 MPa ). The ultra-high strength of the maraging steel subjected to long time aging at 753 K is attributed to the high resistance to coarsening of precipitates. The orientation relationship between martensite and Ni₃Ti was observed as and . The Orowan mechanism is the dominant strengthening mechanism.     

An isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originally classified as subtype I represents a complex mosaic comprising three different group M subtypes (A, G, and I)

Full-length reference clones and sequences are currently available for eight human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M subtypes (A through H), but none have been reported for subtypes I and J, which have only been identified in a few individuals. Phylogenetic information for subtype I, in particular, is limited since only about 400 bp of env gene sequences have been determined for just two epidemiologically linked viruses infecting a couple who were heterosexual intravenous drug users from Cyprus. To characterize subtype I in greater detail, we employed long-range PCR to clone a full-length provirus (94CY032.3) from an isolate obtained from one of the individuals originally reported to be infected with this subtype. Phylogenetic analysis of C2-V3 env gene sequences confirmed that 94CY032.3 was closely related to sequences previously classified as subtype I. However, analysis of the remainder of its genome revealed various regions in which 94CY032.3 was significantly clustered with either subtype A or subtype G. Only sequences located in vpr and nef, as well as the middle portions of pol and env, formed independent lineages roughly equidistant from all other known subtypes. Since these latter regions most likely have a common origin, we classify them all as subtype I. These results thus indicate that the originally reported prototypic subtype I isolate 94CY032 represents a triple recombinant (A/G/I) with at least 11 points of recombination crossover. We also screened HIV-1 recombinants with regions of uncertain subtype assignment for the presence of subtype I sequences. This analysis revealed that two of the earliest mosaics from Africa, Z321B (A/G/?) and MAL (A/D/?), contain short segments of sequence which clustered closely with the subtype I domains of 94CY032.3. Since Z321 was isolated in 1976, subtype I as well as subtypes A and G must have existed in Central Africa prior to that date. The discovery of subtype I in HIV-1 hybrids from widely distant geographic locations also suggests a more widespread distribution of this virus subtype, or at least segments of it, than previously recognized.     

Cyclosporin A induces apoptosis in rat hepatocytes in culture

Salmonella typhimurium phage type (PT) or definitive type (DT) 104 is a virulent pathogen for humans and animals, particularly cattle. It has been isolated increasingly from humans and animals in the United Kingdom and several other European countries and, more recently, in the United States and Canada. Humans may acquire the infection from foods of animal origin contaminated with the infective organism. Farm families are particularly at risk of acquiring the infection by contact with infected animals or by drinking unpasteurized milk. The symptoms in cattle are watery to bloody diarrhea, a drop in milk production, pyrexia, anorexia, dehydration and depression. Infection may result in septicemic salmonellosis and, upon necropsy, a fibrinonecrotic enterocolitis may be observed. The infection occurs more commonly in the calving season than at other times. Feedlot cattle and pigs may also be affected. Prolonged carriage and shedding of the pathogen may occur. Symptoms in humans consist of diarrhea, fever, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and, less frequently, blood in the stool. Salmonella typhimurium DT104 strains are commonly resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.