Nanocomposite bulk of mechanically milled Al-Pb samples consolidated pore-free by the high-energy rate forming technique

It is shown that pore-free bulk samples were produced by the high-energy rate forming axis-symmetrical powder compaction method for different application purposes in case of the very different, immiscible Al and Pb metal pair. The starting Al-Pb nanocomposites were made by mechanical milling of atomized Al and Pb powders either in a SPEX 9000 or a Fritsch Pulverisette 4 mill. Due to the conditions that milling was carried out in air, the PbO layer, originally existing at the surface of the atomized Pb powder, ruptured and was also dispersed in the composite. The presence of the nano PbO particles was proven by XRD and TEM (BF, DF, SAED). When the energy of milling was high, the PbO crystallites became so small that they could hardly be seen by XRD technique. Local distribution of the PbO nanoparticles was still visible in a TEM, using the process diffraction method. Both XRD and SAED proved to be useful for the evaluation of the results of the milling process and compaction.     

黄土高原典型流域网格化逐时降水融合产品CMPA V1.0的精度分析

选取黄土高原无定河、窟野河和皇甫川流域为研究区,从水文应用角度评估了中国自动站与CMORPH融合的逐时降水产品(CMPA V1.0)的精度。结果表明,CMPA V1.0降雨数据总体上较雨量站实测值偏低;与6、9月相比,8月降水产品精度较低。随降水量级的增加,CMPA V1.0对降水事件发生频次的监测能力和对降水事件监测的稳定性有所降低,误报率整体升高;CMPA V1.0低估了小雨的发生频率及降水贡献率,高估了雨强大于2.5mm/h降雨的发生频率及降水贡献率;CMPA V1.0能合理地反映研究区降水的日变化过程,但低估了研究区的时段平均降水量和时段平均降水频率,高估了研究区14:00前的时段平均降水强度。     

气候变化和人类活动干扰下万泉河流域水文情势变化特征分析

由于气候变化和人类活动的共同作用,众多河流的水文情势发生改变,因此分析环境变化的河流水文情势影响机理对河流保护有重要意义。基于万泉河加报站1957～2014年的日流量资料,通过Mann-Kendall和累积距平法诊断径流序列的突变点,将水文序列划分为两个时间序列,采用水文变化指标法(IHA)、变化范围法(RVA)和直方图匹配法(HMA)分析万泉河水文情势的改变度。结果表明,年径流序列1990年发生突变;变异后,径流特性发生改变,逆转次数显著增加,增幅为28.81%,RVA法的水文改变度DR值为89.85%,发生了高度变异,HMA法的水文改变度DH值为66.34%,表现为中度变异,会对生态系统稳定性带来威胁;流域内热带雨林破坏加剧,植被结构改变是导致河流水文情势变化的重要原因。研究结果可为水资源管理和生态保护提供参考。     

基于RNG κ-ε与LES模型的盲肠河段口门区水力特性数值模拟分析

为分析RNGκ-ε模型和LES大涡模型对盲肠河段数值模拟的影响,采用RNGκ-ε模型和LES大涡模型数值模拟盲端内及口门区的水流特性,并在此基础上研究了口门掺混区的涡流特性及其对盲端内水位和流速的振荡影响。结果表明,相对于RNGκ-ε模型,LES大涡模型模拟的结果更精细、全面;涡流从口门掺混区上游产生,顺水流方向向下游发展,直至溃灭,在主流与盲端下游交汇处涡量最大;剪切涡流造成盲端内流速及水面波动的周期性变化,其中水面振荡的方向与水流方向一致。研究成果为盲肠河段口门区涡流特性研究提供了参考。     

Defects in CVDZnS

Defects seriously influence the optical properties and mechanical properties of CVDZnS.The deposition technique was introduced and experiment methods such as SEM,TEM and OM were adopted to study the defects:hexagonal phase,abnormally large grains,micro-cracks,micro-pores and impurities.The microstructures of these defects were observed,and the formation mechanisms of these defects were analyzed.Hexagonal ZnS as an impurity causes anisotropy in different directions with different refraction indexes and increases the scattering of CVDZnS.Increasing the deposition temperature can inhibit the formation of the hexagonal phase.The main reason for the growth of abnormally large grains in CVDZnS is high deposition rate.The lower deposition temperature increases growth stress in CVDZnS,which consequently results in the bowing of CVDZnS plates,and introduces microscopic defects such as grain blending and micro-cracks in the crystal.Micro-pores and impurities are induced by high reactant concentration in the local deposition chamber,which can be avoided by improving the gas flowing so as to make the concentration more uniform.     

玻璃丝断头和用完时的控制装置

<正> 制造绕包制品时必须控制丝的断头、填充度和丝团终点.在制造玻璃纤维绝缘绕包线时,由带电刷集流器的机电装置控制丝的断头.但装置体积大而笨重,夹线爪和电触点可靠性差,集流器使绕包头结构复杂化,其技术和使用特性差,须经常调换电刷,不能控制丝团终点.图1是新设计的可以控制丝断头和丝团终点的装置.图2为其工作时间曲线图.借助丝团和绕包头法兰盘的相对旋转速     

新型单摄像机镜像双目视觉传感器的研究

通过分析玻璃厚度激光折射测量原理误差,并以双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型为基础,提出一种自动补偿玻璃板上下表面倾斜的单像机双目视觉传感器模型.变传统的双CCD摄像机结构为单CCD摄像机结构,加装一组对称光学反射镜,镜像出一对虚拟摄像机,可在同一个CCD像面上采集到存在视差的两幅图像,从而消除玻璃板上下表面倾斜角引起的系统误差;建立了标定数学模型,并确定视觉传感器测量模型的标定方法.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定中水中喹诺酮类抗生素

建立了检测中水中14种喹诺酮类抗生素残留的超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLCMS/MS)方法。水样通过HLB固相萃取小柱富集后,经C18色谱柱分离,运用乙腈-0.2%甲酸的10 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱,质谱仪检测。采用电喷雾正模式电离(ESI+),多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,外标法定量。在1~100 ng/m L的线性范围内,各物质的线性关系良好,线性相关系数均≥0.991,方法的检出限为0.2~1.0 ng/L,定量限为0.5~2.0 ng/L,回收率稳定,RSD≤16%。该方法方便、准确,适用于中水中抗生素的痕量分析。     

用于排架结构的铅剪切阻尼器试验及数值分析

为进一步促进铅阻尼器在工程中的应用,针对常见的排架结构,研制了一种铅剪切阻尼器,通过低周往复加载试验,逐个分析阻尼材料铅的有效剪切面积、受剪区厚度、剪切截面形式、加载位移幅值、加载频率、加载次数等因素对阻尼器耗能性能的影响。试验结果表明,设计的阻尼器的阻尼力—位移滞回曲线饱满,耗能性能良好,符合双线性力学模型,并对试验中两个典型型号的阻尼器进行了数值模拟分析,通过对比数模值和试验值,证明了数值计算模型的实用性,为阻尼器在结构体系中的减震应用奠定了基础。     

基于灰色组合模型的浙江省需水量预测

针对传统需水量预测模型存在的不足,将GM(1,1)模型和灰色Verhulst模型相结合,构建了灰色组合模型,并对模型采用残差和权重分配相结合的二次修正方式进行修正,在分析浙江省1998~2012年用水现状的基础上,利用二次修正后的灰色组合模型预测了2013~2020年浙江省的用水情况。结果表明,在未来的一段时间内,浙江省的需水量增长会逐步加快,尤其体现在居民生活用水和工业用水上。因此,做好工业生产节水工作,加快产业结构调整是今后工作的重点。