用于化学热泵的氯化钙/甲醇络合反应动力学的研究

CaCl2／CH3OH的络合反应动力学是设计该体系化学热泵装置，选定合格工艺条件的重要基础。本文采用变温热重分析法，在真空状态下，通过改变氯化钙粒度，反应温度及系统压力，利用Marquart非线性优化方法进行实验数据模拟计算，对气固相化学热泵系统中的工质对CaCl2／CH3OH的络合反应动力学进行了实验研究，获取了具有一定机理、关联众多影响因素的络合反应动力学模型。结果表明：氯化钙同甲醇的络合反应符合收缩园柱形表面化学反应的机理；甲醇蒸发器温度及氯化钙样品的预络合度在不同条件下对其络合反应动力学的影响程度不同；在本实验条件下，氯化钙粒度对络合反应特性影响相对较小。该模型弥补了前人实验域较小，关联因素少等不足。对氯化钙／甲醇体系化学热泵的设计和开发有着十分重要的理论和实际意义。     

基于最优锚节点的无线传感器网络节点定位算法

由于传感器节点能量受限,定位算法需要综合考虑定位误差、通信和计算开销等多方面的因素。分析了DV-Hop算法定位过程并总结出误差产生的主要原因,针对不同位置锚节点对定位误差的影响,提出了一种基于最优锚节点的定位算法—DV-Hop_Bon(DV-Hopbased on optimal nodes),最后使用Matlab进行了仿真实验,结果表明:新提出的定位算法在拥有较小通信半径情况下,能有效提高定位精度,并可广泛应用于无线传感器网络中。     

对《化学工程与工艺专业实验》教材的评价

由华东理工大学房鼎业教授、乐清华教授、李福清副教授主编的《化学工程与工艺专业实验》教材，是根据国家级教改项目《化工类人才培养方案及课程内容体系改革的研究与实践》项目组提出的“化学工程与工艺专业本科培养方案”的要求编写的实验课教材。内容包括专业基础实验、专业技术实验和研究型实验三部分。全书内容设计新颖，兼顾了工程与工艺两个侧面；过程与工艺覆盖面较宽，实验选材具有代表性；注意了验证性实验与研究型实验的平衡；突出了通过实验课对创新精神与实践能力培养的重要性，体现了新世纪化工类人才培养的基本精神，值得充…     

气液两相鼓泡床双电阻信号的小波消噪处理

将Manojit Roy等提出的简易小波消噪算法应用于气液两相流中双电阻探针测量信号的消噪处理中发现,该法在消噪的同时也将原始信号中的部分气泡能量去除,造成消噪信号明显失真.今对原算法中尺度阈值的判定方法进行了改进,也即,选取带噪信号求导数据小波分解后尺度-能量分布曲线中相邻两尺度间连线斜率的最大绝对值作为消噪尺度阈值的新判据;结果表明,改进后的算法可以取得较好的消噪效果.     

WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征及加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮活性

Two series of WP/Al2O3 catalyst precursors with WP mass loading in the range 18.5%-37.1% were prepared using the impregnation method and mixing method, respectively, and the catalysts were then obtained by temperature-programmed reduction of supported tungsten phosphate (precursor of WP/Al2O3 catatlysts) in H2 at 650℃ for 4h. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TG/DTA, XPS and 31p MAS-NMR. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of pyridine and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene at 340℃ and 3.0MPa. The results showed that owing to the stronger interaction of the support with the active species, the precursor of WP/Al2O3 catalyst was more difficultly phosphided and a greater amount of W species was in a high valence state W6 on the surface of the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method than that by the mixing method. 31p MAS-NMR results indicated that 31p shift from 85% H3PO4 of 2.55 × 10-4 for WP and 2.57 × 10-4 for WP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by mixing method. Such WP/Al2O3 catalysts showed higher HDN activities and lower HDS activities than those prepared by the impregnation method under the same loading of WP.WP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with weak interaction between support and active species were favorable for HDN reaction while the WP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with strong interaction were favorable for HDS reaction.     

烃类晶格氧选择氧化制顺酐的强制周期操作反应技术

综述了烃类选择氧化制顺酐的生产工艺、反应技术。重点介绍了人为非定态催化反应技术的特点及在烃类晶格氧选择氧化反应中的应用 ,并对烃类选择氧化制顺酐反应提出了今后研究的方向。     

醋酸胶溶剂对Hβ分子筛催化剂性能的影响

实验考察了醋酸胶溶剂对Hp分子筛催化剂成型强度的影响,并以丙烯和苯合成异丙苯为模型反应,分别以气-液半连续和液-液连续操作两种方式,实验评价催化剂的性能。结果表明：催化剂强度随成型过程中醋酸用量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,最高催化剂强度对应的醋酸用量为6％。随着醋酸用量增加,催化剂活性略有增加,对异丙苯选择性影响不大,但催化剂稳定性却降低。     

正交配点法在化学工程中的应用(Ⅰ)

本文系统地介绍了在求解化学工程中,常微分和偏微分方程(组)两点边值问题的方法——正交配点法。该法原理简单,计算量小,上机前处理量也小,并附两个应用实例。     

BETA和MCM-22沸石在丙烯与苯烷基化反应中的催化性能

以六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂，采用动态晶化水热法合成了：MCM-22沸石，并对其进行了物相表征。采用XRD、TG、FT-IR等手段测定了BETA及：MCM-22沸石的孔结构和酸性质，还考察了它们的活性、稳定性以及对产物的选择性。结果表明，催化剂的活性和稳定性与催化剂的酸性和孔结构有密切关系。BETA沸石比MCM-22沸石的初始活性高、稳定性低。在相同的反应条件下，就催化反应的产物中目的产物异丙苯(以丙烯为基准计)的选择性而言，MCM-22沸石比BETA沸石低1％～2％；就正丙苯的含量而言，MCM-22沸石比BETA沸石低3～4倍。     

整体式床层中液体分布与气-液传质的关系

With a particular focus on the connection between liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer in monolithic beds in the Taylor flow regime, hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer experiments were carried out in a column with a monolithic bed of cell density of 50 cpsi with two different distributors (nozzle and packed bed distributors). Liquid saturation in individual channels was measured by using self-made micro-conductivity probes. A mal-distribution factor was used to evaluate uniform degree of phase distribution in monoliths. Overall bed pressure drop and mass transfer coefficients were measured. For liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer, it is found that the superficial liquid velocity is a crucial factor and the packed bed distributor is better than the nozzle distributor. A semi-theoretical analysis using single channel models shows that the packed bed distributor always yields shorter and uniformly distributed liquid slugs compared to the nozzle distributor, which in turn ensures a better mass transfer performance. A bed scale mass transfer model is proposed by employing the single channel models in individual channels and incorporating effects of non-uniform liquid distribution along the bed cross-section. The model predicts the overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient with a relative error within ±30%.