基于离子液体的燃料油萃取脱硫过程

以咪唑类离子液体作为萃取脱硫剂,在正戊烷和甲苯的混合溶液中加入少量的噻吩构成油品模拟体系. 采用正交实验,系统考察了单级萃取中温度、时间、剂油比以及离子液体碳数对脱硫效率的影响,得到了较优的脱硫条件：温度约40℃,反应时间约50 min,剂油比为1:1,侧链碳数为10. 回归得到了模拟油品中脱除噻吩的萃取动力学方程. 该研究为基于离子液体的燃料油脱硫工艺提供了重要的基础.     

Conductivities of AlCl3/Ionic Liquid Systems and Their Application in Electrodeposition of Aluminium

Solubilities and conductivities of anhydrous AlCl3 in six kinds of ionic liquids (ILs) were measured. Among the six kinds of ILs [bmim]Cl, [bmim]Br, [bmim]BF4, [bmim]PF6, [emim][EtSO4] and [bmim][HSO4], anhydrous AlCl3 could be dissolved in the first five kinds but was hardly dissolved in [bmim][HSO4]. The results showed that the nominal solubilities of AlCl3 in ILs increased in the order of [bmim][HSO4] < [bmim]PF6 < [emim][EtSO4] < [bmim]BF4 < [bmim]Cl < [bmim]Br. Conductivities of the AlCl3/ILs systems depended apparently on the nominal molar ratio of AlCl3 to ILs. The conductivities of AlCl3/[bmim]Cl, AlCl3/[bmim]Br and AlCl3/[bmim]PF6 systems had a similar tendency as a function of the nominal molar ratio, that is, as the molar ratio was increased, conductivities increased first and then decreased, with the maximum conductivity obtained at approximately 0.9:1, 1.0:1 and 0.5:1, respectively. Conductivities of the AlCl3/[bmim]BF4 exhibited a dentate change and decreased with the molar ratio of AlCl3 to [bmim]BF4 increasing in general. With the increasing of the anhydrous AlCl3 amount in [emim][EtSO4], conductivity of AlCl3/[emim][EtSO4] monotonically decreased. AlCl3/[bmim]Cl system was chosen as the electrolyte for the electrodeposition of Al. Preliminary experimental results showed that dense, adherent and homogeneous Al coatings could be electrodeposited on stainless steel by means of constant potential technique and the surface coverage was quite satisfactory.     

离子液体物理化学性质数据库及QSPR分析

收集了1984~2004年文献中报道的有关离子液体物理性质的数据,建立了离子液体物理性质数据库. 数据库共包含600多种离子液体,约3500条数据. 基于这些数据,进行了离子液体定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)的研究,对两种常见体系(双取代咪唑四氟硼酸盐和双取代咪唑六氟磷酸盐)的熔点进行了关联和预测. 研究结果对离子液体的设计与应用具有指导意义.     

两段提升管重油催化裂化(Ⅰ型)新工艺的初步研究

针对目前催化裂化提升管反应器后半段催化剂性能严重下降以及产品分布不太合理的状况,提出了采用两段提升管催化裂化新工艺技术取代常规的单段提升管催化裂化工艺技术.该工艺的突出特征是催化剂接力、分段反应、大剂油比和短反应时间. 在对新工艺进行理论分析的基础上,以大庆蜡油掺兑65%渣油为原料,采用ZC-7300催化剂,在小型提升管催化裂化装置上进行了一系列实验,考察两段提升管催化裂化（Ⅰ型）新工艺的可行性和先进性. 实验结果表明：与常规单段工艺相比,在相近转化率下,两段柴油产率提高6～8个百分点,轻油产率提高1～2个百分点;汽油烯烃含量减少,辛烷值提高,产品质量提高. 新工艺在提高柴油收率及改善产品分布和产品质量方面具有明显优势.     

异丁烯为原料制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯的催化剂

The catalysts used for manufacturing methyl methacrylate (MMA) by two-step conversion of isobutylene via methacrolein (MAID were studied. The selective oxidation of isobutylene to MAL was carried out in a fixed-bed flow microreactor using a series of Mo-Bi-containing catalysts and the oxidative esterification of MAL to MMA was carried out in a slurry-bed reactor using a series of palladiumcontaining catalysts. By means of BET and XPS, the properties of the catalysts were characterized. It was found that the performance of Mo-Bi-Co-Fe-Ce-O catalyst was improved distinctly when Cs was added for the selective oxidation of isobutylene to MAL, and the Pd5Bi2PbFe/CaCO3 catalyst with the loading sequence of Pd, Pb and Bi, Fe showed the best performance for the oxidative esterification of MAL to MMA.     

负载型功能化离子液体的催化性能

用MCM-41为载体,通过化学法合成了负载羟基功能化的咪唑类离子液体催化剂HIILsBr/MCM-41,考察了在碳酸丙烯酯（PC）合成中的催化作用。考察了负载温度、负载时间、离子液体与载体的配比、溶剂等负载反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明： 在115 ℃,2.0 MPa,4 h条件下,PC产率为89.9%,选择性为99.5%。     

异丁烯制备甲基丙烯醛催化剂的研究进展

异丁烯选择氧化制备甲基丙烯醛是异丁烯法制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯的关键步骤.本文综述了异丁烯选择氧化生成甲基丙烯醛催化剂,其中包括复合氧化物催化剂和杂多化合物催化剂等的研究现状,讨论了在Mo-Bi催化剂上异丁烯选择氧化生成甲基丙烯醛的反应机理.     

Pd-Pb/Al2O3催化剂上甲基丙烯醛氧化酯化合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯

引言 甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)是生产有机玻璃(PMMA)的核心单体,目前主要采用丙酮氰醇法(ACH法)生产,此法工艺流程长、原子经济性低(约47%)、经济效益差、环境污染严重,因此,开发一条绿色高效的合成工艺路线意义重大.     

加压–常压精馏分离甲醇–碳酸二甲酯的相平衡和流程模拟

变压精馏是分离共沸混合物的有效方法. 本文在计算机模拟和分析的基础上, 提出了加压–常压串联分离甲醇–碳酸二甲酯共沸体系的工艺方法. 采用UNIQUAC方程来表征甲醇–碳酸二甲酯二元共沸体系的气液平衡. 根据实验数据，回归了该热力学模型中的交互作用参数，模型的计算结果与实际数据吻合. 模型的适用范围为：压力0.1~1.5 MPa, 温度337~440 K. 基于平衡级模型，对加压精馏塔进行了模拟计算, 分析了各主要操作参数对分离效率、产品纯度及操作费用的影响. 在对加压–常压串联流程模拟的基础上，得到了最佳分离操作工艺参数. 模拟结果对工业过程的设计和改造具有一定的指导意义.     

乙二醇/碳酸二甲酯联产工艺的多目标优化研究

利用流程模拟技术,以UNIQAC为全局热力学模型,设计并严格模拟了一种经由碳酸乙烯脂醇解生产乙二醇(EG)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的联产工艺.在此基础上,通过灵敏度分析,建立了基于BP神经网络的多目标模型.该模型以关键塔设备的塔板数和回流比为决策变量,以EC和DMC的纯度为限制变量,以产品收益和能量消耗为目标函数.最后,使用遗传算法NSGA Ⅱ,实现了该模型的多目标优化.对比优化前后的工艺,发现优化可使工艺总能量消耗降低8.7%,产品收益提高0.9%,同时可显著降低工艺中关键设备的投资.