Physical Properties of Binary Alcohol + Ionic Liquid Mixtures at Several Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

In this study, densities and speeds of sound were measured over the whole composition range, at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa, for the binary systems of ethanol, or 1-propanol, or 2-propanol and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, or 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The density and speed of sound data were used to calculate the corresponding excess molar volumes and excess molar isentropic compressions, which were fitted with the Redlich–Kister equation. From the obtained results, a discussion was carried out in terms of interactions and structure factors in these binary mixtures.     

A model of the chemical composition and pyrolysis kinetics of lignin

This study presents a novel approach for the chemical representation of lignin for modelling the reaction kinetics of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass. This methodology relies on the definition of dimeric pseudo-components containing phenolic functionalities, i.e., p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl groups, as measured in real biomass and native lignin through wet chemistry and spectroscopic techniques. The reactivities of the lignin pseudo-components are modelled through a series of lumped unidirectional reactions, whose product formation and reaction rate constants are optimised to replicate a comprehensive experimental dataset gathered from several works available in the literature. The new kinetic model contributes to the state-of-the-art by providing a more accurate depiction of the conversion rates, selectivity of char vs. volatiles, and aromatic composition in condensable products in line with the inherent reactivity of lignin functionalities and the empirical observations of lignin depolymerisation and thermal degradation at low (<1?K/s) and high heating rates (>50?K/s).     

Determination of boron and hydrogen in materials for multicrystalline solar cell production with prompt gamma activation analysis

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - For the optimization of the manufacturing process of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) for solar cells in order to reduce energy consumption and...