Synthese und Reaktionen von Metallkomplexen mit porphinoidem Ligandsystem 1. Mitteilung (3,3,4,4-Tetramethyl-5-imino-1-pyrrolin-2-yl)-(3′,3′,4′,4′-tetramethyl-5′-iminopyrrolidin-2′-yliden)-methan,ein Zwischenprodukt zur Synthese von Hexahydroporphinen

Reaction of tetramethylsuccinicdinitrile with methylmagnesium iodide in boiling toluene leads to the title compound 8 in 80–85% yield. The magnesium complex of 2-imino-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-5-methylidene-pyrrolidine is shown to act as an intermediate.     

Old world frog and bird vocalizations contain prominent ultrasonic harmonics

Several groups of mammals such as bats, dolphins and whales are known to produce ultrasonic signals which are used for navigation and hunting by means of echolocation, as well as for communication. In contrast, frogs and birds produce sounds during night- and day-time hours that are audible to humans; their sounds are so pervasive that together with those of insects, they are considered the primary sounds of nature. Here we show that an Old World frog (Amolops tormotus) and an oscine songbird (Abroscopus albogularis) living near noisy streams reliably produce acoustic signals that contain prominent ultrasonic harmonics. Our findings provide the first evidence that anurans and passerines are capable of generating tonal ultrasonic call components and should stimulate the quest for additional ultrasonic species.     

Quantification of PCB by dechlorination to biphenyl

Summary Since polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are widespread biologically active contaminants in the environment, the need of a sensitive, rapid and simple screening-method for control purposes is obvious. The dechlorination of PCB to biphenyl with LiAlH₄ and subsequent quantification by HPLC and UV detection may fulfil these requirements. Results achieved with this dechlorination method are compared with those obtained by packed-column or capillary-column gas chromatography and EC detection.

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Bestimmung von PCB durch Dechlorierung zu Biphenyl

Zusammenfassung Das ubiquitäre Vorkommen von polychlorierten Biphenylen (PCB) als Kontaminantien in unserer Umwelt erfordert eine empfindliche, rasche und einfache Screening-Methode. Dechlorierung der PCB mit LiAlH₄ zu Biphenyl und anschließende Quantifizierung mittels HPLC und UV-Detektion erfüllt diese Forderungen. Analysenresultate der beschriebenen Dechlorierungsmethode werden verglichen mit Resultaten der Gas-Chromatographie an gepackten Säulen und Capillarsäulen mit EC-Detektion.