活性炭超级电容器电极材料放电过程非线性特征研究

论述了活性炭超级电容器材料充放电性能的测试方法步骤和测试结果,在此基础上,通过模拟,确定放电电流随时间的变化规律.建立物理模型,用固体物理理论,从微观角度研究材料的电阻随温度的变化,进而得到活性炭超级电容器材料放电电流强度随温度和放电时间变化规律的解析式,探讨材料原子的非简谐振动对电极材料放电性能的影响.结果表明:(1)电极材料放电电流随时间的变化并不遵从将它作为线性元件处理时的按时间的负指数规律变化,而是非线性减小,减小的情况与温度有关;(2)活性炭超级电容器材料的电阻随温度升高而增大.增大情况与原子振动情况有关:将原子振动作简谐近似处理时,材料的电阻的倒数几乎与温度成反比,考虑到原子非振动后,其电阻随温度升高而增大的情况加剧,温度愈高,非简谐振动项的影响愈大;(3)本文提出的物理模型和采用的理论,能对活性炭超级电容器电极材料放电性能进行有效的研究.     

浒苔在对虾养殖尾水中生长特性及其对氮磷去除效果的初步研究

研究了不同温度下浒苔在对虾养殖尾水中的生长及其对N、P营养盐去除效果的影响.实验设置了3个温度梯度组(15、20、25℃),每个温度以自然海水(SW)及f/2海水培养基(F/2)为对照组,对虾养殖尾水(WW)为处理组,隔天测定各组中浒苔的生长状况及尾水组中N、P营养盐含量的变化.结果显示,浒苔在WW组中生长较SW组好,差异显著;而与F/2组相比无显著性差异.20℃下浒苔生长最适宜,特定生长率达34.80%·d-1.各组中NH4+最大去除率在温度为15、20、25℃时分别为96.91%、97.21%、98.18%;NO2-和NO3-的去除率均大于99%;PO43-和TP去除率在25℃时达到最大,分别为97.87%、90.10%;表明温度对浒苔生长及其吸收WW中N、P营养盐有一定影响.     

随机激励下受热翼面的模态频率特性试验研究

现代高速飞行器结构热模态频率特性试验研究,对这类飞行器设计校核和飞行安全具有重要意义。根据飞行过程中遭受的气动加热特性设计了瞬态热环境模拟系统,同时,根据高温环境的特点对测试中的激励和测量方式进行了重新设计,成功地将普通激振器应用于高温结构模态试验,最终将热环境模拟系统与振动测试系统组合,形成一套考虑瞬态热影响的热模态试验系统,实现了瞬态热环境下结构模态的地面测试。对一个切尖三角翼测量了各个加热区的温度随加热时间的变化,验证了加热温度控制的精确性;在纯随机激励下对测得的激励和振动响应信号采用短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transformation,STFT)进行时变模态参数辨识,获得了前四阶模态频率随加热时间的变化,并与结构有限元数值计算结果进行了比较,试验与计算结果吻合得很好,验证了该试验方法对热模态测试问题的有效性和准确性。通过分别对瞬态和稳态热环境下结构模态频率试验和计算结果的分析,探讨了结构瞬态温度场对模态频率影响的机理,揭示了结构内部存在的热应力和材料属性的变化,是决定模态频率随加热时间变化趋势的内在原因。     

论FeCr合金辐照损伤的多尺度模拟

铁素体/马氏体钢具有优异的抗辐照肿胀和抗腐蚀能力,是聚变堆、ADS和四代堆结构材料重要候选者之一.多尺度模拟在核武器自辐照损伤、压力容器辐照脆化、医学材料辐照损伤等方面有着广泛的应用.国际上围绕F/M FeCr合金辐照损伤开展了大量的多尺度模拟工作.论文概述了F/M FeCr合金辐照损伤多尺度模拟研究现状及进展,并针对目前存在的某些问题提出了解决建议. 关键词： 铁素体/马氏体FeCr合金 辐照损伤 多尺度模拟     

Removing paint from a metal substrate using a flattened top laser

In this paper,we investigate laser cleaning using a flattened top laser to remove paint coating from a metal substrate.Under the irradiation of a flattened top laser,the coating paint of the metal substrate can be removed efficiently by laser induced ablation,stress,and displacement force.The temperature distribution,stress,and displacement are calculated in the coating layer and substrate using finite element analysis.The effects of a Gaussian laser and a flattened top laser and the results of different diameters of laser spot are compared.The investigation shows that the flattened top laser can reduce the substrate damage and enhance the cleaning efficiency.This method meets the need of large area industrial cleaning applications by optimizing the flattened top laser parameters.     

YBCO堆叠高温超导磁体的磁悬浮振动传递特性实验研究

在YBCO堆叠磁体与永磁轨道构成的高温超导磁悬浮系统中,永磁轨道的振动通过电磁作用传递给YBCO堆叠磁体.本文通过实验研究了振动在YBCO堆叠磁体磁悬浮系统中的传递效率与基振加速度幅值和基振频率的关系.研究表明:在YBCO堆叠磁体磁悬浮系统中,YBCO堆叠磁体自由振动频率在9 Hz左右;一定低频条件下,振动的传递效率与基振加速度幅值呈正相关趋势,与基振频率呈负相关趋势.     

Effect of Hyper-Resistivity on Nonlinear Tearing Modes

We analytically investigate nonlinear tearing modes with the anomalous electron viscosity or,as it is normally called,hyper-resistivity.In contrast to the flux average method used by previous work,we employ the standard singular perturbation technique and a quasilinear method to obtain the time evolution equation of tearing modes.The result that the magnetic flux grows with time in a scaling as t~(2/3)demonstrates that nonlinear tearing modes with the hyper-resistivity effect alone have a weaker dependence on time than that of the corresponding resistive case.     

新型单羟基氯代咔咯的合成及其光断裂DNA性质

以五氟苯甲醛和吡咯经缩合反应合成了五氟苯基二吡咯烷烃(1); 1与3-氯-4-羟基苯甲醛经缩合反应合成了一个新的10-位苯环被氯原子取代的单羟基自由咔咯--10-(3-氯-4-羟苯基)-5,15-二(五氟苯基)咔咯(〖STHZ〗2〖STBZ〗),收率12.0%,其结构经UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, ¹⁹F NMR, HR-ESI-MS和X-射线单晶衍射表征。琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验发现：2在光照下能够有效引起超螺旋质粒pBR 322 DNA发生断裂,当浓度为100 μmol·L^-1时,活性最强,断裂百分比为68%。     

Block copolymer morphologies confined by square-shaped particle:Hard and soft confinement

The self-assembly of diblock copolymers confined around one square-shaped particle is studied systematically within two-dimensional self-consistent field theory(SCFT).In this model,we assume that the thin block copolymer film is confined in the vicinity of a square-shaped particle by a homopolymer melt,which is equivalent to the poor solvents.Multiple sequences of square-shaped particle-induced copolymer aggregates with different shapes and self-assembled internal morphologies are predicted as functions of the particle size,the structural portion of the copolymer,and the volume fraction of the copolymer.A rich variety of aggregates are found with complex internal self-assembled morphologies including complex structures of the vesicle,with one or several inverted micelle surrounded by the outer monolayer with the particle confined in the core.These results demonstrate that the assemblies of diblock copolymers formed around the square-shaped particle in poor solvents are of immediate interest to the assembly of copolymer and the morphology of biomembrane in the confined environment,as well as to the transitions of vesicles to micelles.     

K_2S-activated carbons developed from coal and their methane adsorption behaviors

The main purpose of this work is to prepare various activated carbons by K2S activation of coal with size fractions of 60-80 meshes, and investigate the microporosity development and corresponding methane storage capacities. Raw coal is mixed with K2S powder, and then heated at 750 ℃-900 ℃ for 30 min-150 min in N2 atmosphere to produce the adsorbents. The texture and surface morphology are characterized by a N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm at 77 K and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The chemical properties of carbons are confirmed by ultimate analysis. The crystal structure and degree of graphitization are tested by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. The relationship between sulfur content and the specific surface area of the adsorbents is also determined. K2S activation is helps to bring about better development of pore texture. These adsorbents are microporous materials with textural parameters increasing in a range of specific surface area 72.27 m2/g-657.7 m2/g and micropore volume 0.035 cm3/g-0.334 cm3/g. The ability of activated carbons to adsorb methane is measured at 298 K and at pressures up to 5.0 MPa by a volumetric method. The Langmuir model fits the experimental data well. It is concluded that the high specific surface area and micropore volume of activated carbons do determine methane adsorption capacity. The adsorbents obtained at 800 ℃ for 90 min with K2S/raw coal mass ratios of 1.0 and 1.2 show the highest methane adsorption capacities amounting to 106.98 mg/g and 106.17 mg/g, respectively.