萃取色谱分离稀土元素进展

评述了近年来我国学者对萃取色谱分离稀土元素各种体系的研究及其在高纯稀土分离方面的应用，并对高纯稀土制备的发展方向进行了展望。     

Landsat-8的舟山近岸海域总悬浮物遥感反演与时空变异研究

总悬浮物(TSM)是海洋水质和水环境评价的主要参数之一。舟山海域位于杭州湾边缘,泥沙含量多,总悬浮物长期处于高浓度状态,其分布与动态变化对近岸水质、水循环以及该区域的渔业、旅游业都有较大影响。Landsat-8卫星影像作为一种应用广泛、空间分辨率高、便于获取的光学信息,可以为舟山海域的TSM观测提供有力的技术手段。利用舟山近岸海域实测TSM吸收系数a_p(440)和水面光谱,开发了基于Landsat-8反演TSM的最优模型,发现基于近红外和蓝色波段比B5/B2的S-函数和线性函数模型反演精度较好,相对于线性模型,S-函数具有更强的鲁棒性,该模型形式为a_p=3.72/(0.009+e-5.249B5/B2),克服了常用函数模型（如线性、对数、指数函数）应用于实际卫星影像时出现光谱幅度范围受限的困难。海岸带内陆复杂水体水色遥感的另一难点是大气校正,以往的研究往往只采用某种大气校正模型,但该模型不一定适合研究水域,从而使得校正结果并不一定是最优的。在本研究中,验证比较了FLAASH,6S和ACOLITE三种大气校正方法面向Landsat-8水色反演的校正结果,发现ACOLITE方法获取的光谱形状最准确,误差最小,特别在蓝色波段,明显好于FLAASH和6S方法。将最优模型应用于舟山近岸海域2013到2018年的10幅Landsat-8图像。实测数据和反演结果显示：舟山近岸海域的TSM吸收系数a_p(440)的变化范围在1.64～417.04 m-1,均值118.47 m-1,TSM吸收占水体总吸收的90%以上,该海域实测的水面光谱形状呈现典型的河口海岸带复杂浑浊水体的光谱特征,很多光谱曲线具有双峰特征,遥感反射率幅值较大,特别是红色、近红外波段,由于受河口高浓度TSM的影响,遥感反射率高于远海较清洁的海水;衢山、洋山、宁波等近岸区域的TSM浓度明显高于东极、嵊泗等远海区域,随河口羽化区呈现由高到低的梯度变化,在近岸区域分布复杂,外海区域分布较为均匀。在时间分布上具有冬季浓度远高于夏季的特点,其中12月最高,最大值为413.32 m-1,8月最低,最小值为3.69 m-1,5月、10月期间也有TSM的局部峰值。这些TSM时空变异特征表明舟山海域悬浮物的分布和变化一方面受地形、海流、潮汐、季风、台风等自然环境因素的影响,另一方面也受如海运、港口建设、海岛旅游等人类活动的较大影响。     

Predicting Quantum Many-Body Dynamics with Transferable Neural Networks

Advanced machine learning(ML)approaches such as transfer learning have seldom been applied to approximate quantum many-body systems.Here we demonstrate that a simple recurrent unit(SRU)based efficient and transferable sequence learning framework is capable of learning and accurately predicting the time evolution of the one-dimensional(ID)Ising model with simultaneous transverse and parallel magnetic fields,as quantitatively corroborated by relative entropy measurements between the predicted and exact state distributions.At a cost of constant computational complexity,a larger many-body state evolution is predicted in an autoregressive way from just one initial state,without any guidance or knowledge of any Hamiltonian.Our work paves the way for future applications of advanced ML methods in quantum many-body dynamics with knowledge only from a smaller system.     

计算对称群S10的所有子群

利用计算机,在GAP的环境下进行编程,计算出对称群S10共有1 593个共轭子群类,29594446个子群.其中循环群有42个共轭子群类,可解群有1 418个共轭子群类,幂零群有531个共轭子群类,超可解群有923个共轭子群类,并且通过本文中的表信息可计算出S10中各阶子群的个数及各共轭子群类中所含子群的个数.     

Ni3(Tix,V1-x)合金系中的长周期结构

本文利用电子衍射及高分辨点阵象实验方法证实了Ni₃(Ti_x,V_1-x)合金系在铸态下存在有9R,10H,16H,20H,21H,44H等长周期结构以及2H结构。它们与体心四方基体相(结构与Ni₃V相同)及六角基体相(结构与Ni₃Ti相同)有固定取向关系:{001}_长周期∥{001}_(Ni3Ti)∥{112}_{Ni3V);〈100〉长周期∥〈100〉(Ni3Ti)∥〈110〉(Ni3V)。样品经长期高温退火处理后其它长周期结构均向9R结构转变。 关键词：}     

A DOUBLE-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TECHNIQUE FOR THE GROWTH OF PURE C60 SINGLE CRYSTALS FROM THE VAPOR PHASE

Pure C₆₀ single crystals were grown by a sublimation-condensation method in an evacuated dosed quartz tube situated in a double-temperature-gradient furnace. Large C₆₀ single crystals, up to a size of 0.6 mm×1.0 mm×2.0 mm with quite smooth and shiny faces, were obtained. X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and X-ray morphology were carried out and showed that the quality of large C₆₀ single crystals grown by the double-temperature-gradient technique is excellent. In this paper the experimental results of the growth of large C₆₀ single crystals are reported and the morphological and structural characterizations are discussed in detail.     

Near-field lithography on the azobenzene polymer liquid crystal films

In this article, we reported near-field research on azobenzene polymer liquid crystal films using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Optical writing and subsequently topographic reading of the patterns with subwavelength resolution were carried out in our experiments. Nanometer scale dots and lines were successfully fabricated on the films and the smallest dot diameter is about 120 nm. The width of the line fabricated is about 250 nm. This method is also a choice for nanolithography. The mechanism of the surface deformation on the polymer films was briefly analyzed from the viewpoint of gradient force in the optical near field. The intensity distribution of the electric field near the tip aperture was numerically simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the numerical simulation results were consistent with the experimental results.     

Electron Holography of Barrier Structures in Co／ZrAlOx／Co Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

We investigate the potential profiles and elemental distribution of barriers in Co/ZrAlOx/Co magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using electron holography (EH) and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The MTJ barriers are introduced by oxidizing a bilayer consisting with a uniform 0.45-nm Al layer and a wedge-shaped Zr layer (0-2 nm). From the scanning transmission electron microscopy, AlOx and ZrOx layers are mixed together, indicating that compact AlOx layer cannot be formed in such a bilayer structure of barriers. The Eli results reveal that there are no sharp interfaces between the barrier and magnetic electrodes, which may be responsible for a smaller tunnelling magnetoresistance compared with the MTJs of Co/AlOx/Co.     

A Complexity View of Acid Deposition

We show that acid deposition is analogous to complex systems composed of a series of interconnected components. Frequency-size distributions of weekly hydrogen deposition (WHD) of precipitation are consistent with double power-law in two different regimes separated by a crossover WHD. The distribution of variations in acid deposition over a week interval is remarkably symmetrical, with long tail extending over eight orders of magnitude. The acid deposition fluctuations exhibit fractal Brown motion with two different temporal scaling regimes and long-range correlation exists in the series. The power-laws in the acid deposition dynamics are considered to be indicators of self-organization of atmosphere under environmental pollution stress.     

离子注入合成β-FeSi2薄膜的显微结构

采用MEVVA源(Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Ion Source)离子注入合成β-FeSi2薄膜,用常规透射电镜和高分辨电镜研究了不同制备参数下β-FeSi2薄膜的显微结构变化. 研究结果表明:调整注入能量和剂量,可以得到厚度不同的β-FeSi2表面层和埋入层. 制备过程中生成的α,β,γ和CsCl型FeSi2相的相变顺序为γ-FeSi2→β-FeSi2→α-FeSi2,CsCl-FeSi2→β-FeSi2→α-FeSi2或β-FeSi2→α-FeSi2. 当注入参数增加到60kV,4×1017ions/cm2,就会导致非晶的形成,非晶在退火后会晶化为β-FeSi2相,相变顺序就变为非晶→β-FeSi2→α-FeSi2. 随退火温度逐渐升高硅化物颗粒逐渐长大,并向基体内部生长,在一定的退火温度下硅化物层会收缩断裂为一个个小岛状,使得硅化物/硅界面平整度下降. 另外,对于β-FeSi2/Si界面取向关系的研究表明,在Si基体上难以形成高质量β-FeSi2薄膜的原因在于多种非共格取向关系的并存、孪晶的形成以及由此导致的界面缺陷的形成.