H+O_2(n_0,j_0)→HO+O及C+H_2(n_0,j_0)→CH+H体系选态反应截面的过渡态理论计算

本文用微正则过渡态理论计算了H+O_2(n_0,j_0)→HO+O和C+H_2(n_0,j_0)→CH+H在ab initio势能面上的选态反应截面σ_(n_0,j_0);E.分析了势能面性质对反应截面的影响。计算结果表明,在指定反应物分子的振动态n_0、转动态j_0时,两个反应体系的反应截面随相对平动能的增加先是增加后是减小(j_0=1,n_0=0除外);在给定相对平动能和反应物分子的转动态j_0时,随反应物分子的振动量子数n_0的增加,两个体系的选态反应截面均有较显著的增加,在指定相对平动能和反应物分子的振动态n_0时,H+O_2体系的选态反应截面随j_0的变化较为复杂,而C+H_2体系则比较简单(j_0=1除外).对于H+O_2反应体系,本文得到的反应截面与实验结果及准经典轨迹理论的计算结果符合得很好。     

NH+O3→ONH+O2反应热力学和动力学研究

在量子化学对 NH自由基与臭氧 O3反应计算的基础上,应用统计热力学方法研究了 100～ 1600 K温度范围内 NH和 O3反应过程的各热力学量的变化及平衡常数,用经 Wigner校正的 Eyring过渡态理论计算了不同温度下该反应两不同反应通道的活化热力学量、反应速率常数及频率因子.计算表明,相对于反应通道 II,反应通道 I不仅有很强的反应自发性,而且在动力学上也是较容易实现的反应.     

氢原子共线交换反应的动力学计算 II: 在反应势能面上Cl+HCl(ν)碰撞对的振动去激

本文用一维量子散射方法, 计算了氢原子交换反应Cl+HCl(ν≤3)→ClH(ν'≤3)+Cl,得到了各振动态间反应和非反应非弹性几率。结果表明反应和非反应非弹性几率均呈振荡变化。反应与非反应去激几率相差不大, 预期在Cl原子与HCl(ν=1,2,3,)碰撞去激过程中, 反应和非反应散射都是一种有效的机理; 此与Wilkins的轨迹结果相符。去激几率与始终态振动量子数密切相关, 我们归纳出公式: P~ν~ν~'≈10^ν^+^ν^'^-^2^(^ν^'^'^+^1^)P~ν~ν~'~',(ν>ν'>ν')。与Moor的实验结果符合较好。     

化学反应过渡态熵的计算和应用

熵是化合物的重要热力学函数之一,最近有人对此作了改进性计算。计算依据主要取自热力学、光谱学实验数据(如比热、振动频率和转动光谱常数)。对于一些不稳定的反应中间体,尤其是过渡态,上述实验几乎无法进行,熵的实验数据很难获得。Benson等人曾提出过渡态熵的估计方法,但不是纯理论性的。我们利用量子化学对反应体系势能面的研究成果,获得过渡态的谐振动频率、鞍点几何构型,从理论上探讨了过渡态熵的计算。据统计力学,过渡态熵可表示为:     

Simple estimation of electron correlation energy for multi-atomic strong ionic compounds KX and (KX)2 (X = OH, NC)

On the basis of the calculations and analyses of the intrapair and interpair correlation energy of KX (X = OH, NC) molecules and the results of the transferability of both the innermost intrapair correlation energy and the inner core effect of K and X in KX molecules, we defined and calculated the Kδ- and Xδ-correlation contributions to the total correlation energy of KX molecules. With the comparison of the pair correlation energy of K+, X- and KX systems, we present a simple estimation method to estimate the electron correlation energy of strong ionic compound by summarizing the correlation energy of its constituent ion and ionic group. By using this simple method, the reasonable estimation results of the correlation energy of (KOH)2 and (KNC)2 have been obtained at mp2/6-311++G(d) level with Gaussian98 program, and the deviations are very small. Applying the scheme of "Separate Large System into Smaller Ones" to the calculation of electron correlation energy of large ionic compounds, it can not only     

Rules on intrapair and interpair correlation energy for Cl, Cl~(-) and MCI (M=H, Li, Na, K)

According to the calculation results of the intrapair and interpair correlation energy for the title systems, it has been found that the intrapair correlation energy of K shell of Cl is almost a constant and both the intrashell and intershell correlation energy of K and L shell changes little. It has also been found that in MCI series compounds the value of Cl correlation energy contribution depends on the ionicity of MCI compounds, i.e., the Cl correlation energy contribution increases with the increase of the ionic bond strength of the compound and this value is always less than the correlation energy of Cl" anion but always larger than that of Cl atom. These rules are helpful for the estimation of the correlation energy of ionic compounds and the energy changes of chemical reactions.     

THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURES AND REACTIVITY OF SILYLENOIDS (Ⅰ)——STRUCTURES AND ISOMERIZATION OF SILYLENOID H_2SiLiCl

The structures of silylenoid H_2SiLiCl have been studied by RHF/3-21G gradient method. Three equilibrium states and two isomerization transition states are located. The electronic energy, Mulliken populations, dipole moments and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) of every structure and the isomeric barriers are also given and analyzed. Further single point calculations on the 3-21G optimum geometries were performed using 6-21G basis set. The calculations show that three-membered ring structure of H_2SiLiCl is the most stable and detectable, and the "classical" tetrahedral form is not the local minimum on the potential energy surface.     

Cl,Cl-和MCl(M=H,Li,Na,K)对内对间相关能的规律性

通过对内对间相关能的计算,发现Cl,Cl^-及其化合物中的K电子层的对内相关能基本上是一常数,而且Cl的K,L层电子层内相关能和它们之间的层间相关能也变化很小.另外,所研究的MCl系列化合物中Cl价电子对相关能的贡献是跟MCl的离子性有关,即随着化合物离子性的增加而增加,但其相关能最大不大于Cl^-离子的,最小不小于Cl原子的.这些规律对人们考虑一些化合物的相关能,以至化学反应能量很有参考意义.     

HX体系电子对内、对间相关研究

在6-311+G^*基组水平上用CISD（configurationinteractionwithsinglyanddoublyexcitedconfigurations)方法研究HX(X=Li-F,HBe)体系电子对内、对间的相关能。计算结果表明不同元素形成的HX(X=Li-F,HBe^+,HBe)体系,其价层电子对内、对间相关能的变化较大,它们之间存在着轨道差别,不宜将其相关贡献归为简单的常数。在使用相同理论方法和相同质量基组的前提下,电子数将直接影响到电子对间相关能的大小。对于多电子体系,电子对间相关在总相关中占有优势,若将其忽略会引起较大误差。     

范德华络合物Rg-HCl、Rg-ClH(Rg=Ne,Ar)异构化的量子化学及热力学的分析

对标题异构化体系,在Ｇａｕｓｓｉａｎ９４程序的高水平ＭＰ４／６－３１１Ｇ＊＊下,进行了全参数几何优化、能量、频率计量得到了它们电子结构的相对稳定性。同时用统计热力学计算了Ｒｇ－ＨＣｌ、Ｒｇ－ＣｌＨ（Ｒｇ＝Ｎｅ,Ａｒ）等异构体的热力学性质及它们的相互转化的平衡常数等。结果表明：不同构型的稳定性是随实验温度变化的,两种构型也可在某一温度下共存。这一结果不同于仅通过电子结构能所的某异构体较稳定的简单推断