清浊分流条件下的混凝-臭氧处理棉针织印染清废水

根据污染源头控制和废水回用的要求,对典型棉针织染整厂的不同生产过程废水排水水质特征进行了统计分析,提出了较实用的废水源头清浊分流方案。在此基础上重点研究了混凝-臭氧组合工艺对清废水处理效果,确定了最优的工艺条件。结果表明,清废水主要为洗水,占废水总量的25%～30%;混凝-臭氧组合工艺的最优工艺条件为：pH为6～9,PAC投加量为48 mg/L,PAM投加量为1.0 mg/L,臭氧接触时间为12 min（臭氧浓度为14.5 mg/L）,这时,清废水COD、色度去除率分别为71%和98%,实践证明,出水水质完全能够满足染整生产。     

Spatial distribution of ciguateric fish in the Republic of Kiribati

Ciguatera is food poisoning caused by human consumption of reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The expanding international trade of tropical fish species from ciguatera-endemic regions has resulted in increased global incidence of ciguatera, and more than 50 000 people are estimated to suffer from ciguatera each year worldwide. The Republic of Kiribati is located in the Pacific Ocean; two of its islands, Marakei and Tarawa, have been suggested as high-risk areas for ciguatera. The toxicities of coral reef fish collected from these islands, including herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous fish (24% [n = 41], 8% [n = 13] and 68% [n = 117], respectively), were analyzed using the mouse neuroblastoma assay (MNA) after CTX extraction. The MNA results indicated that 156 fish specimens, or 91% of the fish samples, were ciguatoxic (CTX levels >0.01 ng g⁻¹). Groupers and moray eels were generally more toxic by an order of magnitude than other fish species. All of the collected individuals of eight species (n = 3-19) were toxic. Toxicity varied within species and among locations by up to 10 000-fold. Cephalapholis argus and Gymnothorax spp. collected from Tarawa Island were significantly less toxic than those from Marakei Island, although all individuals were toxic based on the 0.01 ng g⁻¹ threshold. CTX concentrations in the livers of individuals of two moray eel species (Gymnothorax spp., n = 6) were nine times greater than those in muscle, and toxicity in liver and muscle showed a strong positive correlation with body weight. The present study provides quantitative information on the ciguatoxicity and distribution of toxicity in fish for use in fisheries management and public health.     

废旧印刷电路板差速破碎分析

为了解决废旧印刷电路板资源化过程中的粗碎问题,提出差速破碎方法;根据差速机理分析,利用自主研制双齿辊粗碎机对废旧印刷电路板基板进行差速破碎实验;最后利用Ansys APDL模块对粗碎机辊齿进行校核模拟。实验结果证明,利用差速破碎可以充分利用材料的抗拉、抗剪强度小于抗压强度的特性,能够取得良好的破碎效果,差速破碎结果呈拱形分布形式;模拟结果证明,在差速破碎过程中设备能够保持良好工作状态,可以交换2个齿辊的运转速度减小疲劳破坏。差速破碎为废旧印刷电路板资源化过程中的破碎理论提供支持,并且为废旧印刷电路板粗碎的设备选择提供参考。     

Integrated model of simulated occupant injury risk and real medical costs

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated methodology that links occupant injury risk functions, estimated in the laboratory, with real world medical treatment costs by using the abbreviated injury score (AIS). Using our model, the expected medical treatment costs for crash injuries to various body regions and of different severities can be investigated.

Methods

First, the simulation results are compared with NHTSA crash data. We used a modified kinematics simulation model that incorporates an F = E^b function as a supplement to the previous Steffan's model to obtain a more accurate acceleration history a(t). Second, head injury criteria HIC₃₆ can be calculated from a(t), and we use the injury probability P as a function of HIC_36, as proposed by Kuppa, to obtain the injury risk function for various AIS values. Third, medical treatment cost models for various AIS values can be calculated by using a regression cost model with real world data. Finally, the injury risk function and medical treatment cost models are linked through AIS values. We establish an integrated methodology and predict medical costs and car safety data using real world police reports, medical treatment costs, and laboratory simulation results.

Results

Using head injuries in frontal crashes as an example, we focus on simulation parameters for different vehicle models, with and without airbags. We specifically examine impact closing speed, Delta-V, and impact directions.

Conclusion

Simulation results can be used to supplement insufficient real crash data, in particular ΔV, and injury risk results from police crash reports.

Impact on industry

The proposed integrated methodology may provide the vehicle industry with a new safety assessment method. Real crash data coupling provides consumers with more realistic and applicable information.     

混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

羧酸盐型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以月桂酰氯、乙二胺与丁二酸酐为原料合成了一种羧酸盐型双子(gemini)表面活性剂。采用IR、1 HNMR对中间产物和目标产物进行结构表征,并考察了合成所得羧酸盐型gemini表面活性剂的表面活性。结果表明:合成产物即为目标产物。合成产物的临界胶束浓度为0.027mmol/L,比普通单链表面活性剂低2～3个数量级,表面张力最低可降至29.5mN/m。     

北方冬季农村供暖对PM2.5的影响及解决方案研究

为研究北方冬季农村供暖对PM2.5的影响,我们在北方的部分乡镇农村进行了为期一年半的调查走访,结果表明,北方冬季农村供暖用煤总量大,利用效率低,其生活用煤产生的烟尘总量相当于工业用煤的2.7倍,加之村落人口密集,室内通风条件差,故现有的供暖形式对人体健康危害很大。针对供暖方式的研究,我们提出了在农村推行集中供暖的方案。     

放射性核素在海水、底质及海洋生物间的转移--Ⅰ.核素进入海水后的初始状态

作者在建立的人工小生境中,研究了具有生态学意义的~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co、~(59)Fe、~(54)Mn等核素在海水、底质及海洋生物间的转移规律.本文是该项研究的第一部分,研究悬浮物、底质对核素的富集和吸附,考察了核素进入海水后的初始状态.     

推行清洁生产实现可持续发展

对集团公司全面开展清洁生产的情况做了综述和总结，几年来的清洁生产实践表明，清洁生产促进了石化企业的发展，同时降低了废物排放，取得了明显的成果。清洁生产是保护环境的有力手段，也是实施可持续发展战略的重要措施     

巴丹吉林沙漠与库布齐沙漠植被现状调查

本文通过对巴丹吉林和库布齐两大沙漠的共计12个点位的植被调查显示,两大沙漠植被均以灌木建群,都伴生大量一年生沙生先锋植物;库布齐沙漠植物群落中,多年生草本物种数增加,是群落趋于稳定的表现;库布齐沙漠人工治理力度较大,使得群落生境趋优速度加快。巴丹吉林沙漠植物群落基本处于自然状态。