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51.
William E. Conner Thomas Eisner Robert K. Vander Meer Angel Guerrero Dario Ghiringelli Jerrold Meinwald 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1980,7(1):55-63
Summary The sex attractant pheromone produced by the female of the moth Utetheisa ornatrix was shown to contain Z, Z, Z-3, 6, 9-heneicosatriene. The compound, whose structure was confirmed by synthesis, proved active in electroantennogram and field bioassays. Pheromone emission occurs discontinuously, in the form of short pulses (pulse repetition rate=1.5±0.2 pulses/s). It is argued that such temporal patterning — which had not previously been demonstrated for an airborne chemical signal — can provide close-range orientation cues to the male moth as it seeks out the female. 相似文献
52.
Gómez DR Reich SL Dawidowski LE Vázquez C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(1):52-59
A two step procedure that combines an air dispersion model with a receptor model was used to identify the key sources that contribute to air levels of suspended particulate matter. The contribution to PM(10) concentrations measured at four monitoring sites in San Nicolas, Argentina, of the following sources, a thermal power plant, an integrated steel mill, motor vehicle exhaust fumes, and finally dust from paved and unpaved roads, have been analysed. Moreover, an air dispersion model was used to estimate the contribution of the thermal power plant, emissions of which have been described in depth by means of hourly fuel consumption and specific emission factors. The ratio "apportionment coefficient" was introduced to relate the contribution of this source to the measured 24 h PM(10) concentrations by analysing the frequency of occurrence of connecting winds between the power plant and each monitoring site. In San Nicolas 70% of the PM(10) sampled at three of the four monitoring sites could be attributed to the power plant in those scenarios where winds connected the facility's tall point sources with the sampling locations. The contribution to the measured PM(10) levels of the rest of the sources that are present in the analysed area was confirmed by way of receptor models. For this purpose, the multielemental composition of 41 samples was determined by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence analysis. In order to ascertain the underlying correlations between PM(10) samples and potential sources, Principal Component Analysis was performed on the standard matrix of composition profiles, which comprises the measured PM(10) samples being enlarged with the composition profiles of the potential contributing sources. The diagonalization of the covariance matrix was used as a screening procedure to differentiate the most likely contributing sources from those that were not significant. 相似文献
53.
Dario Frascari Young Kim Mark E. Dolan Lewis Semprini 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):285-298
The focus of this study was to compare the behavior of different consortiums of aerobic propane-utilizing microorganisms, with respect to both the lag time for growth after exposure to propane, and their ability to transform three chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs): chloroform (CF), cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). Thirty-three slurry microcosms, representing seven combinations of aquifer solids and groundwater were constructed for this study. The lag time required for establishing propane-utilizing consortiums ranged between 24 and 29 days in 6 of the 7 combinations. Kinetic tests were performed with respect to propane utilization and CAH transformation. After CAH exposure, the ability of the microorganisms to metabolize propane was significantly reduced. CF and TCE were transformed more slowly than c-DCE, the average values of the initial transformation rates being equal to 0.10 ± 0.04, 0.09 ± 0.05 and 0.98 ± 0.18 mol/(L h),respectively. CF caused the greatest reduction in propane uptake rates, whereas c-DCE exhibited an apparently reversible negative effect on propane uptake rates. The estimates of the Monod half-saturation constants relative to CF, TCE and c-DCE resulted in the 2–3 mol/L range, but were characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. 相似文献
54.
Valeria Andreotti Anuta Chindris Gianni Brundu Dario Vallainc Matteo Francavilla Joan García 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(8):750-761
Current aquaculture practices have a detrimental impact on the environment, in particular due to the release of high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus that can induce eutrophication. This study investigates and compares the capacity of three microalgae species Tetraselmis suecica, Isochrysis galbana and Dunaliella tertiolecta, in the bioremediation of grey mullet Mugil cephalus wastewater. The experiment was conducted in batch conditions for 7 days using completely mixed bubble column photobioreactors. After two days, T. suecica and D. tertiolecta were able to remove more than 90% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP), whereas I. galbana removed only 32% and 79% of DIN and DIP, respectively. A higher biomass yield resulted for T. suecica (603?±?34?mg/L, mean?±?SE). This study confirms the potential to employ T. suecica in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture system for bioremediation of wastewater and identifies D. tertiolecta as another valid candidate species. Moreover, these species can growth in unsterilized culture media, and this reduces energy consumption, costs and efforts. 相似文献
55.
Christy L. Hoffman Angelina V. Ruiz-Lambides Edgar Davila Elizabeth Maldonado Melissa S. Gerald Dario Maestripieri 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(11):1711-1718
In sexually promiscuous mammals, female reproductive effort is mainly expressed through gestation, lactation, and maternal
care, whereas male reproductive effort is mainly manifested as mating effort. In this study, we investigated whether reproduction
has significant survival costs for a seasonally breeding, sexually promiscuous species, the rhesus macaque, and whether these
costs occur at different times of the year for females and males, namely in the birth and the mating season, respectively.
The study was conducted with the rhesus macaque population on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. Data on 7,402 births and 922 deaths
over a 45-year period were analyzed. Births were concentrated between November and April, while conceptions occurred between
May and October. As predicted, female mortality probability peaked in the birth season whereas male mortality probability
peaked in the mating season. Furthermore, as the onset of the birth season gradually shifted over the years in relation to
climatic changes, there was a concomitant shift in the seasonal peaks of male and female mortality. Taken together, our findings
provide the first evidence of sex differences in the survival costs of reproduction in nonhuman primates and suggest that
reproduction has significant fitness costs even in environments with abundant food and absence of predation. 相似文献
56.
Alessandro F. Gualtieri Dario Mangano Magdalena Lassinantti Gualtieri Anna Ricchi Elisabetta Foresti Giorgio Lesci Norberto Roveri Mauro Mariotti Giovanni Pecchini 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3540-3552
This paper presents the results of an intensive monitoring activity of the particulate, fall-out and soil of selected living areas in Italy with the aim to detect the asbestos concentration in air and subsequent risk of exposure for the population in ambient living environments, and to assess the nature of the other mineral phases composing the particulate matrix. Some areas were sorted out because of the presence of asbestos containing materials on site whereas others were used as blank spots in the attempt to detect the background environmental concentration of asbestos in air. Because the concentration of asbestos in ambient environments is presumably very low, and it is well known that conventional low–medium flow sampling systems with filters of small diameter (25 mm) may collect only a very small fraction of particulate over a short period, for the first time here, an intense monitoring activity was conducted with a high flow sampling system. The high flow system requires the use of large cellulose filters with the advantage that, increasing the amount of collected dust, the probability to collect asbestos fibers increases. Both the protocol of monitoring and analysis are novel and prompted by the need to increase the sensitivity towards the small number of expected fibers. With this goal, the collection of fall-out samples (the particulate falling into a collector filled with distilled water during the monitoring shift) and soil samples was also accomplished. The analytical protocol of the matrix particulate included preliminary X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy and quantitative electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Correlations with climatic trends and PM10 concentration data were also attempted.The surprising outcome of this work is that, despite the nature of the investigated site, the amount of dispersed asbestos fibers is very low and invariably lower than the theoretical method detection limits of the SEM and TEM techniques for identification and counting of asbestos fibers. The results are compared to the literature data worldwide and an updated model for asbestos fibers dispersion in ambient environments is proposed. 相似文献
57.
Sacchi Elisa Cuoco Emilio Oster Harald Paolucci Vittorio Tedesco Dario Viaroli Stefano 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1-28
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Riardo basin hosts groundwater exploited for the production of high quality, naturally sparkling, bottled water (e.g., Ferrarelle water), and circulating... 相似文献
58.
59.
Peters S Vermeulen R Portengen L Olsson A Kendzia B Vincent R Savary B Lavoué J Cavallo D Cattaneo A Mirabelli D Plato N Fevotte J Pesch B Brüning T Straif K Kromhout H 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(11):3262-3268
We describe an empirical model for exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) to create a quantitative job-exposure matrix (JEM) for community-based studies. Personal measurements of exposure to RCS from Europe and Canada were obtained for exposure modelling. A mixed-effects model was elaborated, with region/country and job titles as random effect terms. The fixed effect terms included year of measurement, measurement strategy (representative or worst-case), sampling duration (minutes) and a priori exposure intensity rating for each job from an independently developed JEM (none, low, high). 23,640 personal RCS exposure measurements, covering a time period from 1976 to 2009, were available for modelling. The model indicated an overall downward time trend in RCS exposure levels of -6% per year. Exposure levels were higher in the UK and Canada, and lower in Northern Europe and Germany. Worst-case sampling was associated with higher reported exposure levels and an increase in sampling duration was associated with lower reported exposure levels. Highest predicted RCS exposure levels in the reference year (1998) were for chimney bricklayers (geometric mean 0.11 mg m(-3)), monument carvers and other stone cutters and carvers (0.10 mg m(-3)). The resulting model enables us to predict time-, job-, and region/country-specific exposure levels of RCS. These predictions will be used in the SYNERGY study, an ongoing pooled multinational community-based case-control study on lung cancer. 相似文献
60.
Rufino Francesco Cuoco Emilio Busico Gianluigi Caliro Stefano Maletic Erica L. Avino Rosario Darrah Thomas H. Tedesco Dario 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46614-46626
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Italian Apennines are among the most important sources of freshwater for several Italian regions. With evidences of deep CO2-rich fluids intruding... 相似文献