Characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in Forest Park in South China

The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C₃-C₁₀ carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and their levels were lower during night-time and often reached the lowest in early morning. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, showed two high levels in their diurnal patterns partly due to their different sources and sinks. The VOCs had different diurnal patterns compared to most carbonyls. The highest concentrations were observed from 03:00 to 06:00 for 1-butene, from 06:00 to 12:00 for isoprene, and from 12:00 to 15:00 for α-pinene. The highest levels for aromatic hydrocarbons occurred during midnight and the lowest in late afternoon. According to the study, emissions from vegetation and photo-oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons were the main sources for some carbonyls and VOCs in this region. Other compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and BTEX, showed anthropogenic sources.     

菌株NKS-3对溴氨酸脱色特性探讨

从受溴氨酸污染地筛选出菌株ＮＫＳ－ ３ ,它对溴氨酸有脱色作用。菌株生长随碳源浓度增加而旺盛,溴氨酸能刺激菌株生长。溴氨酸浓度即使达到１０００ ｍｇ／Ｌ 也能被菌株基本脱色。研究发现,盐度抑制菌生长,在含盐培养液中溴氨酸的脱色过程被抑制     

天然水体沉积物对重金属离子的吸附特性

本文运用表面络合模式，研究了江西乐安江下游黄龙庙沉积物的吸附特性，测定了样品对重金属ＣＵ，ｃＤ的吸附等温线和ＰＨ吸附突跃曲线；应用ＦＩＴＥＱＯ程序计算了沉积物的表面固有吸附常数；对恒定容量模式，扩散层模式和三层模式在天然水体沉积物中的应用进行了比较。     

废铜催化剂的综合利用

研究了以湿法回收利用废铜催化剂中的铜、锌制取氧化亚铜和氧化锌的原理以及最佳工艺条件。该工艺可同槽进行浸取、蒸氨、还原、中和水解等操作,生产成本低,产品质量好,工艺过程中无三废排放,具有很好的综合效益。     

PTA废液回收利用技术

介绍了从精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废液中回收醋酸,邻、对苯二甲酸,醋酸钴锰盐的回收工艺。醋酸得率为90％,邻、对苯二甲酸得率为70％,醋酸钴锰盐得率为95％。该技术成熟、合理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

钙类化合物固硫作用动力学分析

通过钙类化合物对动力用煤固硫作用的模拟试验 ,对不同钙化合物固硫率 (J)与Ca/S及助剂关系的研究 ,得到了钙类化合物固硫率的次序 ,即 :JNaOH +CaO>JCaCO3>JCaO>JCa(OH) 2 ,结果说明固硫率与钙类化合物的存在形式有关 ,并解释了其固硫作用机理     

染料生物吸附影响因素与解吸条件研究

用筛选出的一株丝状真菌(GX2)对活性、酸性、碱性和直接染料进行吸附及解吸的试验结果表明，该菌株对活性、酸性和直接染料有较高的吸附率，但碱性染料难被吸附；在多种有机溶剂中，丙酮是较好的解吸剂，碱性介质有利于染料的解吸；对菌体进行破碎及在解吸过程中加以搅拌有利于解吸过程的进行。     

碱式硫酸铝溶液中SO42-的测定

建立了以铬黑T为指示剂,乙二胺四乙酸二钠反滴定过量BaCl₂的碱式硫酸铝溶液中SO₄^2-的测定方法。实验确定的操作条件为：待测试样稀释后ρ（SO_4^2-）为0.025 ~0.100 g/L,BaCl₂过量率为25%~100%,并且在加入BaCl₂前将试样煮沸,三乙醇胺加入量为0.10 L/L。该法回收率在98.90%~100.72%,相对标准偏差小于1%。测定方法准确,可靠,且操作简便、快速。     

Comparison of different liquid anaerobic digestion effluents as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover

Effluents from three liquid anaerobic digesters, fed with municipal sewage sludge, food waste, or dairy waste, were evaluated as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover in mesophilic reactors. Three feedstock-to-effluent (F/E) ratios (i.e., 2, 4, and 6) were tested for each effluent. At an F/E ratio of 2, the reactor inoculated by dairy waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 238.5 L/kgVS_feed, while at an F/E ratio of 4, the reactor inoculated by food waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 199.6 L/kgVS_feed. The microbial population and chemical composition of the three effluents were substantially different. Food waste effluent had the largest population of acetoclastic methanogens, while dairy waste effluent had the largest populations of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Dairy waste also had the highest C/N ratio of 8.5 and the highest alkalinity of 19.3 g CaCO₃/kg. The performance of solid-state batch anaerobic digestion reactors was closely related to the microbial status in the liquid anaerobic digestion effluents.     

赤潮灾害经济损失评估技术方法

为有效应对赤潮灾害防灾减灾、灾后救援及管理的需求,在综合分析前人提出的赤潮灾害损失评估技术方法的基础上,参考赤潮灾害对受灾体的危害特点,结合实际工作的需求及在实际中可获取的业务数据,提出了赤潮灾害经济损失评估指标体系;根据灾害经济学理论,借鉴其他自然灾害经济损失评估的先进思想,采用市场价格法,分别建立了包括海水养殖业经济损失、滨海旅游业经济损失、赤潮灾害业务与应急监测费用和赤潮灾害处置费用的赤潮灾害经济损失评估模型;最后,提出了赤潮灾害损失评估的技术流程。