制氧机组排气噪声消声器设计

冶金行业制氧机组氧气排气噪声属 4极子亚声速喷注噪声 ,其声功率与流速的八次方成正比 ,产生的噪声很强。本文以河北某钢铁集团公司为例 ,对制氧机组排气噪声的特性进行了探讨 ,设计了阻抗复合式三级扩容减压小孔喷注消声器 ,工程实施后证明 ,消声器设计合理 ,达到了预期的降噪效果     

氚水在大豆土壤系统中的迁移与分布

采用模拟污染物的同位素示踪技术研究氚水在大豆-土壤模拟生态系统中的迁移、分布规律.通过为期50d的模拟试验,测定了植物和土壤样品中2种形态氚(自由水氚和结合态氚)的比活度.结果表明:引入土壤中的氚水,不仅在系统各分室间转移和分配,而且迅速向系统外散逸;氚水中的氚以自由水氚和结合态氚形态存在于大豆植株和土壤中;大豆植株中的自由水氚比活度于6h时即达最大值(根19.4Bq·g^-1;茎叶12.3Bq·g^-1),随后便逐渐下降,而结合态氚呈缓慢增加;大豆根中的总氚比活度开始时高于茎叶中的比活度,而后趋于平衡,表层土中2种形态氚基本呈逐渐下降.运用示踪动力学分室模型原理对实验数据拟合得:土壤中的比活度C_s=88.37e^-11.847t+7.38e^-0030t;大豆植株中的比活度C_b=10.30(e^-0.030t-e^-11.847t).     

pH对铜在黄土中吸持及其形态的影响

用黄土为吸持剂,以石英砂作对照,研究了pH对铜的吸持及形态的影响,并用MINTEQA2模型对铜离子的沉淀形态进行了理论计算.结果表明:无论吸持剂是石英砂还是黄土,随着pH的升高,吸持曲线都分为3区:低pH微吸持区、中pH吸持增长区和高pH强吸持区.含沙量一定,随着铜液初始浓度的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均增加;铜液初始浓度一定,随着含沙量的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均减少.MINTEQA2模型计算结果表明,对于不同的吸持剂,铜离子发生沉淀的比例及沉淀的物质组成是不同的;以黄土为吸持剂时,中pH范围内随着含沙量的增加铜离子沉淀的比例减少.     

建设项目"三同时"制度中存在的问题及分析

本文就我国“三同时”制度实施中存在的问题进行了较全面的剖析，并针对这些问题提出了解决的办法，为我国进一步完善“三同时”制度，拓展“三同时”管理的内涵，制订有关“三同时”管理细则提供了有价值的参考。     

生态系统服务的核算方法

生态系统服务是指对人类生存及生活质量有贡献的生态系统产品和生态系统功能 ,包括由自然生态过程产生并维持的环境和资源条件。目前已有的生态系统服务核算方法可以分为市场价值法、替代市场法和假想市场法。     

从可持续发展战略角度研究环境保护投资问题

在可持续发展战略视角下研究环境保护投资问题，需要突出环保投资比例和环保投资效益两方面的问题。针对我国环保投资比例偏低和环保投资效益不高的现状，提出提高环保投资比例和环保投资效益应重视运用经济手段，并指明应采取的主要经济手段和经济途径，以作参考。     

生物法处理低浓度有机废气的填料选择研究

采用不锈钢环、瓷环、陶粒、塑料环、海藻石、轻质陶块、煤渣等作为填料的试验研究，结果表明七种填料的净化性能顺序为：海藻石＞轻质陶块＞陶粒＞瓷环＞不锈钢环＞煤渣＞塑料环。     

Pilot-scale experiments on multilevel contact oxidation treatment of poultry farm wastewater using saran lock carriers under different operation model

A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers.     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was loaded on expanded graphite (EG) to produce a composite material (EG-ZVI) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). EG and EG-ZVI were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. EG-ZVI had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZVI, which was higher than that for both EG (10.00%) and ZVI (29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by EG-ZVI showed little dependence on solution pH within a pH range of 1–9. Even at pH 11, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZVI could enhance the removal of Cr(VI) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal, which indicated that the ZVI loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(VI) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III) hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZVI.     

Aluminum formate (AF): Synthesis, characterization and application in dye wastewater treatment

Aluminum formate (AF), a degradable and non-corrosive coagulant, was synthesized from aluminum hydroxide and formic acid. Polyamidine (PA), as a coagulation aid, was combined with AF for dye wastewater treatment. AF was characterized by XPS, FT-IR, viscosity, zeta potential, mass spectrum and XRD, and the flocculation properties of the dual-coagulation system were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The results showed that COOH, Al₂O₃-Al and O₂-Al bonds were formed in the AF synthesis process, and AF had a higher molecular weight and higher charge neutralization ability than PAC. The hydrolysates of AF were determined to contain Al₁₃ Al₁₁ and Al₂, and the components of AF were confirmed to comprise a mixture including aluminum formate (C₃H₃AlO₆) and its hydrate. When the color removal efficiency reached 100% in jar tests, the optimized dosage of AF/PA was 18.91/0.71 mg/L, while the optimized dosage of PAC/PA was 21.19/0.91 mg/L. According to the variance analysis, the interaction between AF/PA and PAC/PA were insignificant in macroscopic view. FT-IR spectrum indicated AF captured pollutant by means of CCO bond, PAC captured pollutant by δ CH, CC and δ CH. Overall, although the coagulation mechanism of AF was different from that of PAC, AF/PA showed better coagulation efficiency than PAC/PA in dye wastewater treatment.