福建离子吸附型稀土矿地质特征及其找矿标志

本文总结了福建离子吸附型稀土矿的地质特征、矿物成分和稀土元素配分变化规律,提出了找矿标志。     

混合铵盐用于风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取稀土的动力学研究

采用柱浸工艺对风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取稀土的动力学进行了研究.通过对淋洗剂的配比的优化,证明采用氯化铵和硫酸铵比例为7:3的混合铵盐作为淋洗剂浸取稀土的效果最佳.考察了淋洗剂质量分数、淋洗液固比、淋洗速度及矿石粒度对浸取率的影响.并进行了浸取动力学分析.结果表明.其浸取过程可定性地用Fick定律描述.且较好地符合收缩未反应芯模型;当淋洗荆质量分数低于2.5%时.动力学控制步骤为混合控制;当淋洗剂质量分效达到2.5%后,其浸取动力学属内扩散控制.动力学方程为1-2/3η-(1-η)2/3=e6.105R0.21189t.     

宜昌胶磷矿伴生含钾页岩富集矿工艺矿物学研究

通过对宜昌胶磷矿伴生含钾页岩富集矿进行研究,测定出了矿石的化学成分、各组分的赋存状态、含钾矿物的嵌布特征及其单体解离度。研究结果表明:K2O主要以水云母矿存在,云母类矿物大部分呈片状杂乱嵌布在石英质和其它脉石矿物中,少量呈微细的包裹体嵌布在铁质矿物集合体中,一般介于0.01~0.04mm之间。     

磷灰石型La（9.33）（SiO4）6O2电解质的烧结及性能

在燃烧法制得的磷灰石型LSO电解质纳米粉体基础上,研究了预处理、成型压力、烧结温度和保温时间对LSO烧结体致密度的影响.烧结实验结果表明：球磨预处理和合适的成型压力,可以有效消除颗粒间的团聚、降低烧结温度和提高致密度;最佳成型压力为225 MPa;最佳烧结温度为1 400℃下保温3 h,烧结体的致密度高达96%.运用交流阻抗谱法研究了LSO烧结体的电性能,结果表明：烧结体随温度的升高,晶界电阻逐渐减小,晶粒电阻逐渐占据主导;烧结体电导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius经验公式,700℃时离子电导率达到4.38×10^-3s/cm.     

Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts

In order to intensify the leaching process of rare earth(RE) and reduce the impurities in the leachate, ammonium chloride(NH4Cl) and ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3) were mixed as a compound leaching agent to treat the weathered crust elution-deposited RE ore. Effects of molar ratio of NH~+_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, ammonium(NH_4) concentration, leaching agent pH and flow rate on the leaching process of RE were studied and evaluated by the chromatographic plate theory. Leaching process of the main impurity aluminium(Al) was also discussed in detail. Results showed that a higher initial ammonium concentration in a certain range could enhance the mass transfer process of RE and Al by providing a driving force to overcome the resistance of diffusion. pH almost had no effects on the mass transfer efficiency of RE and Al in the range of 4 to 8. The relationship between the flow rate and height equivalent to a theoretical plate(HETP) could fit well with the Van Deemter equation, and the flow rate at the lowest HETP was determined. The optimum conditions of column leaching for RE and Al were 1:1(molar ratio) of NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, 0.2 mol/L of ammonium concentration, pH 4–8 of leaching agent and 0.5 mL /min of flow rate. Under this condition, the mass transfer efficiency of RE was improved, but no change was observed for Al compared with the most widely used ammonium sulfate. Moreover, the significant difference value(around 20 mL) of retention volume at the peak concentration between RE and Al provided a possibility for their separation. It suggested the potential application of the novel compound leaching agent(NH_4Cl/NH_4NO_3). It was found that the relative concentration of RE in the leachate could be easily obtained by monitoring the pH of leachate.     

原子力显微镜测定力-距离曲线的原理和应用

介绍了用原子力显微镜测定力－距离曲线的基本原理以及应用于力－距离曲线的接触区和非接触区分析的基本理论，讨论了用AFM力－距离曲线测定范德华力、双电层力及非DLVO力，并对AFM力－距离曲线在不同领域的应用进行了概括和展望。     

冕宁稀土矿泥中锰与稀土分离及回收的研究

以Ｎａ２ＳＯ３为还原剂,采用还原浸出法处理四川冕宁稀土矿泥,实现了矿泥中锰和稀土的分离,提高了矿泥氯化焙烧时稀土的氯化率。对锰浸出液,用ＫＭｎＯ４氧化,水解聚合法去除杂质铁,生成ＲＥ（ＯＨ）３法回收稀土,制备出合格的产品ＭｎＣＯ３,并讨论了有关工艺原理与条件。     

几种柠檬酸改性脂肪酸的浮选性能

为了研究柠檬酸对脂肪酸的改性效果,以柠檬酸和不同种类的脂肪酸反应生成柠檬酸改性脂肪酸类捕收剂,并用于四川某中低品位胶磷矿的浮选试验,浮选试验在２０ ℃下进行．结果表明,采用柠檬酸对脂肪酸进行改性,不同脂肪酸的改性效果不同．棉油脂肪酸表现出良好的捕收能力,但未表现出显著的改性效果．椰油脂肪酸、棕榈油脂肪酸和硬脂酸未表现出好的改性效果;纯油酸、低冻点棉籽油脂肪酸和米糠油脂肪酸的改性效果相似,产率和回收率均得到１２％～１５％的提高,改性效果较好;豆油脂肪酸经过柠檬酸改性后,精矿产率、回收率、选矿效率分别提高了２５．９６％、３０．８０％、４．８４％,浮选指标得到较大提高,改性效果良好．柠檬酸对几种脂肪酸的改性效果为豆脂肪酸＞纯油酸/低冻点棉籽油脂肪酸/米糠油脂肪酸＞棉油脂肪酸＞椰油脂肪酸＞棕榈油脂肪酸/硬脂酸．     

DIBK-TBP萃取分离锆铪的热力学研究

对二异丁基甲酮(DIBK)和TBP从HSCN介质中协同萃取锆铪的性能及热力学进行研究,采用对数函数外推法求得DIBK-TBP体系萃取反应的热力学平衡常数分别为log(K12,Zr)=4.73和log(K12,Hf)=-5.09,锆铪与SCN-形成配合物Zr(SCN)3+和Hf(SCN)3+的稳定性常数分别为1×109.86和1×10-0.80,而铪的分配比在硫氰酸盐存在时要大于锆的分配比,说明过渡金属离子锆和铪在硫氰酸盐存在时与一般金属离子与配位体形成的配合物的稳定性常数愈大,金属离子的分配比愈大的规律相矛盾,并计算出萃取反应的焓变分别为ΔHZr=-11.43 kJ.mol-1和ΔHHf=-7.80 kJ.mol-1,说明对锆铪的萃取反应为放热反应,升高温度不利于萃取反应的进行,常温下自由能变分别为ΔGZr=-26.54 kJ.mol-1和ΔGHf=28.57 kJ.mol-1,熵变分别为ΔSZr=51.54 J.(K.mol)-1和ΔSHf=-124.07 J.(K.mol)-1,说明铪离子比锆离子更易与SCN-形成配位键,从而生成中性分子Hf(SCN)4与有机相发生溶剂化作用而进入有机相中。     

DIBK-TBP体系萃取分离锆铪的机理

为了解二异丁基甲酮(DIBK)-TBP体系萃取锆铪的化学行为,分别采用斜率法和饱和容量法研究DIBK和TBP在HSCN介质中协同萃取锆铪的性能及机理,结果表明:DIBK-TBP体系萃取分离锆铪时优先萃取铪,萃取反应机理为溶剂化机理,萃合物中Zr4+(Hf4+)、TBP、DIBK的摩尔比为1:1:1,其萃合物组成分别为Zr(SCN)4.TBP.DIBK和Hf(SCN)4.TBP.DIBK,并通过对负载有机相进行红外光谱分析进一步确定了萃合物可能的结构式;DIBK和TBP协同使用可以改善HSCN介质下锆铪的萃取分离效果。