Removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution via micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration

To separate cadmium ions from aqueous solution efficiently, micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration(MEUF) of hollow ultrafiltration membrane was used, with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecylsul fate (SDS) as surfactants. The important parameters affecting the rejection of cadmium, the permeate flux and the secondary resistance were investigated, including surfactant species, surfactant concentration, operating time,trans-membrane pressure, the addition of electrolyte and solution pH. The results show that the rejection rate of cadmium reaches 97.8%. Trans-membrane pressure and the addition of electrolyte (NaCI) are less influential while surfactant species, surfaetant concentration and pH value are important for micellar-enbanced ultrafiltration. The optimum concentration of surfactant is the critical micelle concentration, and SDBS is better than SDS. Micellarenhanced ultrafiltration with SDBS can separate cadmium ions from aqueous solution efficiently.     

三(环氧丙基)异氰尿酸丙烯酸酯的合成及应用

以三(环氧丙基)异氰尿酸酯作为树脂基体,经丙烯酸加成酯化,得到了三官能团环氧丙基异氰尿酸丙烯酸酯(TGICA)。研究了催化剂种类、原料配比、阻聚剂种类、酯化温度及反应时间对产物性能的影响。结果表明,合成TGICA的最优化条件为:n(TGIC)/n(AA)=1∶2 79;催化剂为N,N-二甲基苯胺;阻聚剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;反应温度(105±2)℃;反应时间3h。丙烯酸的转化率可达到99 7%。应用研究表明TGI CA是一种性能优异,价格低廉且合成方法简单的紫外光固化涂料成膜树脂。     

胶团强化超滤中SDS临界胶团浓度变化规律研究

用电导法对十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的临界胶团浓度(CMC)进行了研究,考虑了温度、pH值、金属离子(Cd2+、Zn2+、Pb2+)浓度变化以及SDS和3种非离子表面活性剂(Brij35、TritonX-100、APG)的复配对溶液CMC值的影响。结果表明,随温度升高,pH值上升,金属离子浓度增加以及Brij35/SDS、TritonX-100/SDS、APG/SDS混合体系配比的增加,溶液CMC值减小。特别当复配比在0.13～1时,CMC值的下降趋势非常明显。这一结果为采用胶团强化超滤技术处理电解锌废水时SDS最佳添加量的确定提供了有效的依据。     

基于气候适应性的湘南天井式民居研究

本文以位于亚热带气候区域内的湘南传统民居——黄家大屋为例,研究民居的环境调控能力、评价其室内热环境以及空气质量。选择其中有代表性的3个单元,针对其堂屋、卧室、天井等位置,同时对空气温度(Ta)、相对湿度(RH)、空气流速(V)等参数进行了测量。测量结果表明湘南民居夏季平均温度比室外低4℃～5℃,冬季低1℃～2℃,湿度夏季普遍比室外低,而冬季比室外高。相对室外而言,室内温湿度变化幅度更小,并且与天井的开口大小显示出明显的正相关性。天井的自然通风效果较好,此外其他的各项环境指标均符合国家标准要求。     

全程自养脱氮新工艺

介绍了全程自养脱氮新工艺，分析了工艺实现条件及特点，并进一步从理论上阐述了全程自养脱氮和好氧颗粒污泥结合的可行性。     

Transformation behavior of lead fractions during composting of lead-contaminated waste

The transformation behaviors of Pb fractions during composting of Pb-polluted waste without inoculants and with the inoculants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied. Results show that the active Pb ions with high toxicity and transferability are transformed into the inactive Pb with low toxicity and transferability, confirming that Pb ions can be efficiently immobilized during composting without or with the inoculants. The soluble-exchangeable Pb in composting without inoculants reaches 49.0 mg/kg at day 60, while that with the inoculants is reduced to 0 mg/kg dry mass compost. The higher contents of organic-bound Pb (59.0 mg/kg) and residual Pb (69.2 mg/kg) with low toxicity are found after 60-day composting with inoculants, compared with those without inoculants. The above data indicate the better immobilization effect of Pb and the greater alleviation of Pb hazards in composting with the inoculants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium than without inoculants, which may be due to the more microbial biomass and the higher pH value in composting of Pb-polluted waste with inoculants.     

Determination of trace mercury in compost extract by inhibition based glucose oxidase biosensor

A novel inhibition based biosensor of glucose oxidase(GOx) for environmental mercury detection was developed. An electropolymerized aniline membrane was prepared on a platinum electrode containing ferrocene as electron transfer mediator, on which GOx was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. The response of the sensor was based on the current reduction in the electrochemical system by inhibition of mercury against GOx electrode. The detection limit of the inhibition-based sensor for mercury is 0.49 μg/L, and the linear response ranges are 0.49-783.21 μg/L and 783.21 μg/L-25.55 mg/L. The GOx membrane can be completely reactivated after inhibition, and remains 70% of the activity in more than one month. The sensor was used for mercury determination in compost extract with good results.     

Dynamics of pH value and metal elements of rainfall within mixed forests in Japanese pine and cypress

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国内外软包装材料及其发展趋势

包装工业作为国民经济发展的配套行业,已经随着与日俱增的国内商品的需求和国家出口商品的发展而日益壮大,而软包装材料及其加工技术亦在其间扮演着越来越重要的角色尤其在美、法、德、日、意、韩、丹麦、比利时及我国台湾和香港地区等海外市场,软包装技术无论在质量、品种还是数量上,均已得到了蓬勃的发展,不断提高了软包装的产品档次和技术水平。与此同时,肉制品、食品、熟食制品、汤饮料、乳制品等门类繁多的包装领域,又造就了软包装材料的多样化。目前世界上主要的软包装材料可