STEM视野下小学机器人教育的特点及启示

机器人与编程教学有助于充分整合STEM学科知识,帮助培养学习者适应未来发展的技术和创新能力。目前我国中小学各阶段的机器人与编程的教学尚无相关课程标准和指导性教材,缺乏专业的校内师资队伍。梳理并提炼了国外中小学阶段STEM教育理念下机器人教育课程中教育形式,探究并重点分析其课堂教育的特征、教学形式、课程设置以及课例设计要素,以期为青少年机器人教学的课例设计提供启示和借鉴,为市场紧缺的机器人教育与编程专业人才的培养提供思路。     

基于外部压力的我国上市公司环境信息披露

以我国沪市A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,从外部压力角度,分析合法性压力和投资者关注度对企业环境信息披露行为的影响。研究发现：合法性压力越大,上市公司越有可能进行环境信息披露;投资者关注度对上市公司环境信息披露呈现微弱正相关关系,但在统计上不显著。     

Comparative analysis of different methods for image enhancement

Image enhancement technology plays a very important role to improve image quality in image processing. By enhancing some information and restraining other information selectively, it can improve image visual effect. The objective of this work is to implement the image enhancement to gray scale images using different techniques. After the fundamental methods of image enhancement processing are demonstrated, image enhancement algorithms based on space and frequency domains are systematically investigated and compared. The advantage and defect of the above-mentioned algorithms are analyzed. The algorithms of wavelet based image enhancement are also deduced and generalized. Wavelet transform modulus maxima（WTMM） is a method for detecting the fractal dimension of a signal, it is well used for image enhancement. The image techniques are compared by using the mean（μ）,standard deviation（？）, mean square error（MSE） and PSNR（peak signal to noise ratio）. A group of experimental results demonstrate that the image enhancement algorithm based on wavelet transform is effective for image de-noising and enhancement. Wavelet transform modulus maxima method is one of the best methods for image enhancement.     

马克思与海德格尔的现代性批判研究比较

从资本和技术的视角,分析和比较了马克思与海德格尔对现代性批判的异同。马克思从资本的主体性、历史性、他性、通约性来揭示现代社会中人与人之间的真实的业已资本化的社会关系本质,海德格尔则通过对技术的社会功能的利弊考察、对技术的本体论追问、对技术的工具理性批判来分析现代技术的自我遮蔽和对人类的座架。     

四川盆地北部地区寒武系沧浪铺组沉积演化

四川盆地下古生界寒武系沧浪铺组勘探潜力巨大。文中结合钻井和野外地质剖面实测成果等最新资料,研究了四川盆地北部地区沧浪铺组沉积演化规律。结果表明：1）沧浪铺组沉积期,研究区内可识别出开阔台地相、局限台地相和潮坪相3种沉积相类型,纵向上具有明显的分异特征,横向上沉积厚度西薄东厚。沧一段沉积期,开阔台地相发育以鲕粒石灰岩、砂屑石灰岩为主要岩性并可见小型槽状交错层理的台内滩亚相,和以泥晶石灰岩为主要岩性的滩间海亚相;局限台地相发育以具有残余结构的砂屑白云岩和鲕粒白云岩为岩性并可见重结晶作用的台内滩亚相,和以灰质泥晶白云岩、砂质白云岩为主要岩性的滩间海亚相;在裂陷槽和古隆起之间区域,发育以泥质白云岩、泥灰岩和砂质白云岩为主要岩性的混积潮坪相。沧二段沉积期,发育以紫红色泥岩、砂岩等为主要岩性的碎屑潮坪相,见小型水平层理、羽状交错层理和砂岩透镜体。2）沧浪铺组沉积期,以大规模海退为主,水体总体逐渐变浅。沧一段沉积期,碎屑物质输入受到裂陷槽隔档作用影响,发育碳酸盐岩沉积,在构造高部位发育以颗粒岩为主的台内滩亚相。至沧一段沉积末期,裂陷槽逐渐被填平,碎屑物质得以向东持续迁移。沧二段沉积期,发生了小规模的...     

碳基钨涂层在退火过程中的组织和结构变化

用真空等离子体喷涂(VPS)技术在C／C复合材料基体上制备了厚度为0．5mm的钨(W)涂层，涂层的表面通过物理气相沉积(PVD)预沉积钨、铼(Re)多层作为碳(C)的扩散势垒。涂层经过1200℃--2000℃的电子束退火，其微观结构和化学构成发生变化。经测量涂层的再结晶温度约为1400℃，再结晶的活性能为63kJ／mol。当退火温度高于1300℃时，涂层表面的多层W、Re结构将由于W、Re和C之间的相互扩散而发生改变，并在1600℃以上退火lh后由于脆性碳化钨在界面的形成而完全失效，碳化钨层的厚度将随着退火漏度的升高和退火时间的延长而迅速增加。     

放电等离子烧结Fe3B／（Pr,Tb）2Fe14B块体纳米晶双相复合永磁体的性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术将非晶Pr4.2Tb0.3Fe78B17.5薄带制备成块状纳米晶复合磁体。研究了烧结条件对磁体密度、微观结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明，烧结温度的升高可使磁体得到高致密度，但同时由于其晶粒长大，结果导致磁性能的恶化。在最佳烧结条件下得到磁体的磁性能为Br=1．02T，JHc=220kA／m。磁体具有较好的微观结构，平均晶粒尺寸为20nm。     

Superplastic behavior of Al-Cu-Li based alloy

The superplastic behavior was studied in an Al-4Cu-ILi-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.1Zr alloy. The alloys were manufactured both by＂ a conventional rolling route and a thermo-mechanical treatment route. The superplastic properties were evaluated as a function of temperature, strain rate, and processing history. Prior to thermo-mechanical processing, the alloys have elevated-temperature ductilities of 94% to 130%, strain rate sensitivities of about 0.25, and activation energies corresponding to lattice diffusion. After thermo-mechanical processing, the alloys have ductilities of 200% to 630%, strain rate sensitivity of about 0.42, and activation energies corresponding to grain boundary diffusion or a mixture of grain boundary diffusion and lattice diffusion. Skipping rapid recrystallization annealing can supply a higher value of elongation-to-failure.     

Effect of Zr content on quench sensitivity of AlZnMgCu alloys

The effect of Zr content on quench sensitivity of AlZnMgCu alloys was investigated by mechanical properties testing and microstructure observations. The results show that with the increase of Zr the quench sensitivity relative to hardness and strength increases, while that relative to elongation decreases. From hardness and strength viewpoints, the low quench sensitivity is observed for the Zr-free and 0.05% Zr-containing alloys, which is quite quench sensitive from the ductility viewpoint. The largest quench sensitivity relative to hardness and strength is observed for 0.1% Zr-containing alloy, this is mainly due to large amount of high angle grain boundaries and incoherent Al3Zr dispersoids caused by recrystallization, which may efficiently promote heterogeneous precipitation during air quenching. More than 0.05% Zr can significantly decrease the quench sensitivity relative to ductility, which can be primarily attributed to recrystallization inhibiting and grain refining effects of Zr.     

表面处理对球墨铸铁接触疲劳性能的影响

本文研究了激光微熔处理和高频感应加热淬火对球墨铸铁表面组织、接触疲劳强度和接触疲劳破坏过程的影响。结果表明,激光处理和高频淬火均可提高球铁的接触疲劳强度,但其接触疲劳破坏过程和形式却不同,前者是由于硬化层与基体间裂纹扩展造成大块深层剥落,后者则是表层裂纹在油楔作用下造成小块浅层脱落。