Bi-Pb-Tl三元系相图

用室温、高温X射线衍射及淬火的方法,测定了Bi-Pb-Tl三元系25℃的等温截面及该体系中的相结构。     

EFFECT OF ALLOY ELEMENTS ON QUASIEQUILIBRIUM MICROSTRUCTURE IN Fe-Mn-Ni-Cr STEELS

The microstructures of Fe-Mn-Ni-Cr steels with medium carbon and the effect of alloy ele-ments on them have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction quantitative phase ana-lyses,metallography and hardness tests.The volume fraction of martensite in steels quenchedat 1100℃ can be expressed as:f_M~(1100)=162.643-15.482Mn-7.36Ni-4.286(Cr+Mo+V)Based on this expression,the quasi-equilibrium microstructure diagram has been obtained.Itis shown that the effect of Mn on the austenite stability is greater than that of Ni.The equiva-lent [Ni]=2.104Mn+Ni and equivalent [Cr]=Cr+Mo+V.The driving force for martensite transformation at M_s point has been calculated to hedrastically decreased by element Mn.     

ELECTRON MICROANALYSIS FOR LASER MELTED ZONE IN 45 STEEL WITH Fe-Ni-Cr COATING

The Fe-Ni-Cr coating laver has been alloyed with 45 steel base metal by transverse.flow typeCO_2 gas laser of maximum output 5kW.The characteristics of the melted zone and the es-sence of the“bright band”has been investigated using the electron microscopy.The resultsshow that the“bright band”belongs to the melted zone and is a vertical section of the planecrystal,The width of the“bright band”equals the height of the plane crystal,which decreaseswith the increase of laser beam scanning rate and the decrease of laser power.This has beenexplained in terms of constitutional supercooling G/R.     

IN-SITU OBSERVATION OF CRACK TIP DEFORMATION IN A DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

The development of dislocation structures in the plastic zone ahead of a crack tip has been in-vestigated in a duplex stainless steel during in-situ deformation experiments in a scanningtransmission electron microscope.It was found that the dislocation distribution wassignificantly different in the ferrite and in the austenite.In the ferrite grains,the dislocationsemitted by the crack tip may cross-slip out of the original slip planes and form a broad plasticzone.However,in the austenite,the dislocation free zone is small and the dislocations emittedby the crack pile up in its slip plane.The selection of slip systems at the crack tip depends onthe crack tip Schmid factors in both phases.But after large deformation,the selection of thesecond slip systems at the craek tip in austenite does not depend on the Schmid factors.     

淬火回火或热油淬火的渗碳齿轮的残余应力及显微组织

作者对两种经普通淬火回火或热油淬火的汽车差速器齿轮进行了渗碳层中残余应力和显微组织的测定。尽管这两种齿轮几何形状不同,其测定结果不便进行比较,但已发现热油淬火后齿轮渗碳层中残余压应力的变化取决于钢的淬透性。热油淬火的SAE4130钢制渗碳传动齿轮比普通淬火回火的齿轮残余压应力更高,但显微组织是相同的。残余压应力高可认为是以下因素所致:1)由于温度梯度小,奥氏体相变开始点更接近于心部;2)省去了回火。热油淬火的SAE 1526钢制环形渗碳齿轮比普通淬火回火的齿轮残余压应力更低。淬火回火后齿轮渗碳层的显微组织主要是马氏体,而热油淬火齿轮渗碳层中的主要组织组成物是贝氏体。热油淬火的环形齿轮中残余压应力较低是由于奥氏体转变为贝氏体时所产生的相变应力较小所致。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Mg-Li ALLOY WITH Ca ADDITION

Mg-9wt%Li-2wt%Zn alloy was prepared and studied in this article. The addition of Ca to the alloy from 0.1wt% to 1wt% can refine the α-Mg and the best effect of refinement occurs when Ca content is 0.4wt%-0.5wt%. The billets can be rolled to thin sheets at room temperature, from which it is obvious that the addition of Ca improves alloys ormalin. while it decreases with the excess addition of Ca. The results also show that the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） and yield strength （YS） of the alloy with lwt% Ca may rise by 28% and 25%, respectively, however, the elongation decreases. It is clarified that the adsorption of proper Ca on the grain boundaries refines α-Mg and improves the tensile properties, but the presence of excess Ca and stable Ca2Mg6Zn3phase worsens the elongation.     

用有限单元法分析轴承稳定性

术语c—轴承底部间隙,D—轴预直径,‘—轴承偏心距,h:—台阶或油腔深度,K—油膜厚度比,L—轴承轴向长度,L,—油腔轴向长度,L,—油腔轴向长度比,N—轴颈转速,牙—轴承外载荷,S—桑氏数(Somtnorfield数) 户m; em多 Cm; Cm;(c h:)/e, Cm多 Cm; L,/L多 r·P‘m; N;(瓮笋)白:—轴承偏心率,e/c;0—圆周座标,“(度);内—进油槽位置,。(度);“—平均动力粘度,N一em一s一汁x—减去进油槽后的圆弧长度“(度);xp—减去进油槽后的油腔角度,。(度);。—轴颈转速,s一、。.—刚性转子稳定性参数。 典型的压力阻断式或台阶式油腔轴承就是在衬垫上切出…     

A STUDY OF RATE-DEPENDENCE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE FOR AN Al-Cu-Mg ALLOY

The hot deformation of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy was studied in the two temperature ranges (room temperature-300℃ and 400℃-480℃). The rate-independent flow curves are typical of elasto-plastic response with significant work hardening followed by strain softening below 300℃. Similar dislocation structures with high density tangled into grain interiors were observed by TEM, which suggests that the process of obstacles arresting mobile dislocations results in this macroscopically rate-independence. At 400-480℃, all rate dependent flow behaviors characterized by a continuous softening after an initial work hardening at a small plastic strain show large tensile elongations. Long dislocation segments around the second phases infer their good mobility to climb across obstacles. Grain boundary morphology observed by TEM suggests that the capacity of the grain boundaries to absorb the dislocations sensitively accounts for the rate-dependent mechanical properties.     

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF IRON ALUMINIDES

ＴＨＥＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＯＮＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＡＮＤＦＲＡＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＩＲＯＮＡＬＵＭＩＮＩＤＥＳＳＴＯＬＯＦＦ，Ｎ．Ｓ．ａｎｄＡＬＶＥＮ，Ｄ．Ａ．（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＲｅｎｓｓｅ...     

氢氧化铝分解技术

引言自从1911年原拜耳法专利权消失以后,世界绝大多数氧化铝都是用拜耳法生产的。但直到50年代末,由于所用铝土矿的组成,能源价格和所用电解槽设计的不同,拜耳法一直用两种不同的工艺条件生产。“欧洲”拜耳法在用高温、高苛性碱浓度溶出和氢氧化铝分解的产出率高达60克/升以上的条件下,生产细粒、高温焙烧的粉状氧化铝。“美国”拜耳法