全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11592篇 |
免费 | 578篇 |
国内免费 | 86篇 |
学科分类
医药卫生 | 12256篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 89篇 |
2022年 | 169篇 |
2021年 | 328篇 |
2020年 | 163篇 |
2019年 | 228篇 |
2018年 | 260篇 |
2017年 | 248篇 |
2016年 | 295篇 |
2015年 | 311篇 |
2014年 | 416篇 |
2013年 | 478篇 |
2012年 | 728篇 |
2011年 | 833篇 |
2010年 | 484篇 |
2009年 | 403篇 |
2008年 | 672篇 |
2007年 | 737篇 |
2006年 | 736篇 |
2005年 | 797篇 |
2004年 | 733篇 |
2003年 | 705篇 |
2002年 | 740篇 |
2001年 | 114篇 |
2000年 | 90篇 |
1999年 | 128篇 |
1998年 | 198篇 |
1997年 | 141篇 |
1996年 | 159篇 |
1995年 | 131篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 108篇 |
1992年 | 83篇 |
1991年 | 54篇 |
1990年 | 50篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Takami K Inui H Nagayama K Watatani M Yasutomi M Kurahashi H Mori T Takai SI Nishisho I 《Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)》1994,1(2):95-102
MDM2 protein is thought to bind to p53 tumor suppressor protein leading to inhibition of p53-mediated transactivation. Amplification of the MDM2 gene has been frequently observed in human sarcoma, and relevant overexpression of the MDM2 protein is assumed to contribute to tumorigenesis through inactivation of the p53 function. In order to determine whether MDM2 amplification plays a role in the development of human breast cancer without genetic alteration of p53, we analyzed, MDM2 gene amplification by quantitative hybridization and genetic alteration of p53, in 32 primary tumors and 26 metastatic lymph nodes. Low grade amplification of the MDM2 gene (2-6 fold) was observed in four cases, none of which showed even subtle genetic alterations of p53 or loss of alleles on 17p. Moreover, in three of the four cases with MDM2 gene amplification, the level of gene amplification in the metastatic lymph nodes was slightly higher than that in the primary tumors. These results, taken together with previous findings, suggest that a subset of breast cancers without genetic alteration of p53 may also arise by inactivation of the p53 function through interaction with the overexpressed MDM2 protein induced by gene amplification. 相似文献
102.
Hiraide H Okamura S Hayashi T Nishida M Tamaki K Tamakuma S 《Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)》1994,1(2):103-108
The collagen cross-links, pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) excreted in urine have recently been suggested as new markers of bone metastasis. In a pilot study we measured Pyr and D-Pyr in 61 patients with breast cancer, 16 with known bone metastasis and 45 with no recognized metastasis in bone. Twenty healthy female subjects were also measured as controls. The mean values (+/-SD) of Pyr and D-Pyr in the group with bone metastasis were significantly higher (Pyr: p<0.01, D-Pyr: p <0.05) than those in the group without bone metastasis and in the control group. The mean (+/-SD) values of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal in the group without bone metastasis (p<0.05) and in the control group (p<0.01). Therefore, the effect of menopause should be taken into account in the diagnosis of bone metastasis by assays of Pyr and D-Pyr. Setting the cut-off values (mean + 2SD of the values of control) for pre and postmenopausal patients, the accuracy for Pyr was 71.4% in premenopausal and 75.8% in postmenopausal patients; and for D-Pyr it was 71.4% and 78.8% respectively. We consider that measurement of urinary collagen cross-links assays can contribute to the early detection of metastatic spread to bone in breast cancer. 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
Ichinose Y Okino T Yamasaki S Moriguchi Y Sugie T Li L Kanaoka S Kan N Watanabe Y Imamura M 《Surgery today》1999,29(4):338-343
To evaluate the effect of interferon-γ-genetransduced cells, DS mice were inoculated into their footpads with syngeneic mammary
adenocarcinoma SC42 admixed with interferon-γ producing mammary adenocarcinoma SC115Kγ, which had been established by an interferon-γ-gene
transduction in another syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma SC115 using retroviral vectors. These mice rejected both tumor cells
and developed resistance to subsequent challenges with either SC115 or SC42 cells inoculated into their opposite posterior
footpads. These results thus indicate that systemic immunological memory to each of the independent tumor cell lines developed
in these mice. Although the SC42 cells admixed with irradiated SC115Kγ cells were rejected by these mice, the SC42 cells admixed
with irradiated SC115neoR, in which the neo-gene had been transduced, were observed to proliferate. Tumor rejection was reversed
by an in vivo administration of anti-interferon-γ antibody, thus suggesting that locally produced interferon-γ plays an important
role in tumor elimination and immunological memory induction. In conclusion, interferon-γ-gene-transduced tumor cells are
therefore considered to have a therapeutic potential for other types of malignant tumor cell lines. 相似文献
106.
Inagaki M Yabuki H Hashimoto M Maguchi M Kino S Sawa M Ojima H Tokusashi Y Miyokawa N Kusano M Kasai S 《Surgery today》1999,29(12):1260-1263
We describe herein the case of a 51-year-old woman in whom metastatic tumor seeding of the percutaneous transhepatic biliary
drainage tract occurred following a pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the distal common bile, duct. An abdominal computed
tomography scan done 6 months after the initial operation detected a hepatic lesion located at the site of the previous percutaneous
transhepatic biliary drainage tract. Implantation of bile duct carcinoma in the drainage tract was diagnosed, and the recurrent
tumor was successfully resected by performing a subsegmentectomy of segment 3 and removal of the adjacent abdominal wall.
At present, 5 years and 4 months after the second resection, the patient is in good health without any signs of recurrence.
This case report demonstrates that an aggressive surgical approach should be performed for tumor seeding of a transhepatic
biliary catheter tract. 相似文献
107.
Y. Fukuda Yoshihisa Fukuta Raita Higashino Masayuki Ogishima Kenji Yoshida Hajime Tamaki Mineo Takei 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1999,359(6):433-438
The effects of Z-350, (S)-4-[3-(4-{1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine-1-yl]propoxy} benzoyl)indole-1-yl]butyric
acid hydrochloride, a newly synthesized compound possessing α1-adrenoceptor antagonistic and steroid 5α-reductase inhibitory actions, were studied in vitro. In functional experiments,
Z-350 shifted the concentration/response curve for the phenylephrine-induced contraction of rabbit prostate, urethra and aorta
to the right with pA2 values of 8.04, 7.57 and 7.13, respectively. The binding affinity of Z-350 for α1-adrenoceptors in rabbit prostate, urethra and aorta were estimated by the displacement of [3H]prazosin. The pK
i values for this action of Z-350 were 7.53, 7.95 and 7.62 for the prostate, urethra and aorta, respectively. α1-Adrenoceptor subtype selectivities were studied in the submaxillary gland (α1A) and liver (α1B) of rat. Z-350 inhibited the specific binding of [3H]prazosin to α1A and α1B-adrenoceptors with pK
i values of 7.82 and 7.29, respectively. Z-350 inhibited rat prostatic steroid 5α-reductase non-competitively with a pIC50 of 8.42. These results indicate that Z-350 is a α1-adrenoceptor antagonist and is a steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor. It is expected that Z-350 will be a candidate drug for the
treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Received: 26 January 1999 / Accepted: 2 March 1999 相似文献
108.
Okamoto H Hagiwara H Naganuma H Itakura J Nagahori K Fujii H Yamamoto M Sekikawa T Matsumoto Y 《Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)》1996,3(2):145-150
We report a case of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast detected by ultrasonographic mass screening in a 51-year-old woman. In a mass screening program for breast cancer, physical examination with inspection and palpation, and ultrasonography (US) were performed. A hypoechoic mass with a slightly irregular margin was detected by US in the lateral upper quadrant of the right breast, at a distance 2 cm from the edge of the nipple. The mass was not detected by physical examinations or by mammography (MMG). The mass, which measured 0.8 x 0.5 cm and was examined by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) under US guidance, was cytologically diagnosed as class X. Modified radical mastectomy (Auchincloss method) was performed with the patient's consent. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed DCIS (noncomedo type) and occult multiple foci of malignancy which was considered tracking centripetally underneath the nipple. This case suggests that US and FNAB performed under US guidance are useful in the detection and diagnosis, respectively, of a breast mass. We should take multifocality into consideration, particularly with tendency tracking to the nipple, in the treatment of small breast cancers such as DCIS. 相似文献
109.
m-Dinitrobenzene intoxication due to skin absorption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nobuo Ishihara Akira Kanaya Masayuki Ikeda 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1976,36(3):161-168
Summary A case of m-dinitrobenzene intoxication is described. Clinical picture of the patient who was exposed to an industrial material containing m-dinitrobenzene, methaemoglobinemia and excretion of urinary metabolites observed in a volunteer who experimentally worked with the same material, absence of m-dinitrobenzene in the ambient air during the exposure, and penetration of m-dinitrobenzene through the protective gloves which were used by the patient indicate that m-dinitrobenzene was the toxic agent and that the main route of the invasion was skin absorption. 相似文献
110.
Kato M Imamura M Hosotani R Shimada Y Doi R Itami A Komoto I KosakaM T T Konishi J 《World journal of surgery》2000,24(11):1425-1430
The intravenous secretin injection test (secretin test) has been used for the differential diagnosis of gastrinoma. In this
study we report that the intraoperative secretin test (IOS test) is also useful for determining the extent of curability in
patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). Twelve patients with ZES underwent surgical exploration and the IOS test.
The results of the IOS test were obtained by rapid radioimmunoassay of the serum gastrin level (IRG) within 60 minutes. The
test was diagnosed as negative when the maximum increase of serum IRG was less than 80 pg/ml and also less than 20% of the
basal serum IRG level. Three of the twelve patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), and two patients underwent distal
pancreatectomy. Extirpation of duodenal tumors with dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in seven patients. In
two of the seven patients the IOS test remained positive after extirpation of the duodenal tumors and the dissection of regional
lymph nodes. In one patient PD was performed on the basis of the positive results, and the IOS test became negative after
PD. In the other patient, two tiny metastatic liver tumors were identified and were resected, but the IOS test did not become
negative. We closed the abdomen in 11 patients when we obtained negative results from the IOS test. The results of the IOS
test were almost identical to the data obtained by the standard assay postoperatively. The serum IRG levels of all but one
patient fell to the normal level, and the secretin test became negative postoperatively. The IOS test is thus useful and indispensable
for curative resection of microgastrinomas in patients with ZES. 相似文献