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The effect of unit,depth, and probe load on the reliability of muscle shear wave elastography: Variables affecting reliability of SWE 下载免费PDF全文
43.
Neonatal gene transfer with a retroviral vector results in tolerance to human factor IX in mice and dogs 下载免费PDF全文
The effect of neonatal gene transfer on antibody formation was determined using a retroviral vector (RV) expressing human factor IX (hFIX). Normal mice from different strains injected intravenously with RV as newborns achieved therapeutic levels of hFIX without antibody production and were tolerant as adults to challenge with hFIX. Neonatal hemophilia B mice that received different amounts of RV achieved stable and dose-related expression of hFIX without anti-hFIX antibody formation. After protein challenge, antibody formation was markedly reduced for animals that expressed hFIX at levels higher than 14 ng/mL (0.3% of normal). However, antibodies developed for animals that received the lowest dose of RV and expressed hFIX at approximately 2 ng/mL before protein challenge. In dogs, neonatal injection of a high dose of RV resulted in 500 ng/mL hFIX in plasma without antibody formation. We conclude that neonatal gene transfer with RV does not induce antibody responses to hFIX in mice or dogs and that mice achieving levels greater than 3 x 10-10 M hFIX are usually tolerant to protein injection as adults. Low-dose gene therapy or frequent protein injections in the neonatal period might induce tolerance to subsequent injections of protein with a low risk for adverse effects. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of the anticoagulant serine protease activated protein C (APC) in tissue remodeling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: PC/APC, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 were detected in synovial fluid by Western blotting, and their antigen levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA. Enzymatic activity of MMP-2 was assayed using a specific fluorogenic substrate. We developed an improved assay to measure APC activity in synovial fluid utilizing a chromogenic substrate following immunoprecipitation with a specific PC/APC antibody. PC/APC and MMP-2 were localized by immunohistochemistry in RA, OA, and normal synovial tissues. RESULTS: Synovial fluid analysis demonstrated that APC is present in both RA and OA synovial fluid, with APC activity being markedly higher in RA (mean +/- SEM 462 +/- 112 ng/ml versus 136 +/- 42 ng/ml; P < 0.02). A correlation (r(2) = 0.61) was found between APC and MMP-2 activity levels in RA patients, but not in OA patients. Immunohistochemical studies of synovial sections showed colocalization of APC and MMP-2 in endothelial and synovial lining cells. Additionally, APC and MMP-2 coimmunoprecipitated with an anti-PC/APC antibody. CONCLUSION: Our results show, for the first time, that APC and MMP-2 are coordinately up-regulated and tightly bound in RA synovial fluid and colocalized in synovia. Their association suggests that APC may modulate MMP-2 activity in RA. 相似文献
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Comparison of Fentanyl Versus Meperidine for Analgesia in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This study compared the safety and efficacy of fentanyl and meperidine for analgesia in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. In a double-blind, randomized trial, 24 patients (11 males) received either fentanyl (1 microg/kg) or meperidine (1 mg/kg). These analgesics were administered in unmarked syringes by an investigator who did not participate in the procedure or in the evaluation of the patient's sedation. There were 17 Caucasians and 7 African-Americans whose mean age was 10.4 +/- 4.4 years. Thirteen patients received meperidine and 11 received fentanyl. Midazolam was given to all patients as needed to provide sufficient sedation for the procedure. Study subjects underwent EGD (n = 17) or colonoscopy (n = 7). There were no differences as assessed by patient, endoscopist, or assistant for tolerance, discomfort, procedure ease, recovery time, complications, heart rate, blood pressure, or oxygen saturation. We conclude that meperidine and fentanyl are equally effective in providing analgesia for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. 相似文献
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Shakinah T. Chellappa Reshma Maredia Kara Phipps William E. Haskins Tao Weitao 《Research in microbiology》2013,164(10):1019-1027
DNA-damaging antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin induce biofilm formation and the SOS response through autocleavage of SOS-repressor LexA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the biofilm-SOS connection remains poorly understood. It was investigated with 96-well and lipid biofilm assays. The effects of ciprofloxacin were examined on biofilm stimulation of the SOS mutant and wild-type strains. The stimulation observed in the wild-type in which SOS was induced was reduced in the mutant in which LexA was made non-cleavable (LexAN) and thus SOS non-inducible. Therefore, the stimulation appeared to involve SOS. The possible mechanisms of inducible biofilm formation were explored by subproteomic analysis of outer membrane fractions extracted from biofilms. The data predicted an inhibitory role of LexA in flagellum function. This premise was tested first by functional and morphological analyses of flagellum-based motility. The flagellum swimming motility decreased in the LexAN strain treated with ciprofloxacin. Second, the motility-biofilm assay was performed, which tested cell migration and biofilm formation. The results showed that wild-type biofilm increased significantly over the LexAN. These results suggest that LexA repression of motility, which is the initial event in biofilm development, contributes to repression of SOS-inducible biofilm formation. 相似文献
47.
Zuzana Deans Melissa Hill Lyn S Chitty Celine Lewis 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2013,21(7):713-718
Non-invasive prenatal testing for single gene disorders is now clearly on the horizon. This new technology offers obvious clinical benefits such as safe testing early in pregnancy. Before widespread implementation, it is important to consider the possible ethical implications. Four hypothetical scenarios are presented that highlight how ethical ideals of respect for autonomy, privacy and fairness may come into play when offering non-invasive prenatal testing for single gene disorders. The first scenario illustrates the moral case for using these tests for ‘information only'', identifying a potential conflict between larger numbers of women seeking the benefits of the test and the wider social impact of funding tests that do not offer immediate clinical benefit. The second scenario shows how the simplicity and safety of non-invasive prenatal testing could lead to more autonomous decision-making and, conversely, how this could also lead to increased pressure on women to take up testing. In the third scenario we show how, unless strong safeguards are put in place, offering non-invasive prenatal testing could be subject to routinisation with informed consent undermined and that woman who are newly diagnosed as carriers may be particularly vulnerable. The final scenario introduces the possibility of a conflict of the moral rights of a woman and her partner through testing for single gene disorders. This analysis informs our understanding of the potential impacts of non-invasive prenatal testing for single gene disorders on clinical practice and has implications for future policy and guidelines for prenatal care. 相似文献
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Hana R. Al-Bannay Lyn E. Jongbloed Tal Jarus Sami S. Alabdulwahab Tawfik A. Khoja Elizabeth Dean 《Saudi medical journal》2015,36(7):869-873