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81.
Ali Pourmand Jen Liao Jesse M. Pines Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi 《The Journal of emergency medicine》2018,54(5):630-635
Background
The Segway® Personal Transporter? (SPT) is used widely as a means of transport for city sightseeing tours, law enforcement, and professionals working in large facilities and factories.Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess SPT-related injuries. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, we queried PubMed from 1990 to 2017. The search terms Segway, personal transporter, and injury were used. Only English-language studies were included. Data were extracted from each article, specifically the sample size, study setting, and design, as well as the prevalence of specific injuries.Results
A total of six articles were included that included data on 135 patients. Sample size per study varied from 1 to 41 patients. Studies occurred in both the emergency department and inpatient settings, including medical-surgical wards, and intensive care units. The most commonly reported injuries were orthopedic cases (n = 45), maxillofacial cases (n = 13), neurologic cases (n = 8), and thoracic cases (n = 10).Conclusions
The SPT is an innovative transportation method; however, its use is associated with a wide range of injuries. Many of these injuries require hospital admission and surgical intervention, incurring significant morbidity and high costs. 相似文献82.
83.
Ting‐Ting Yang Ho‐Shan Niu Li‐Jen Chen Po‐Ming Ku Kao‐Chang Lin Juei‐Tang Cheng 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2015,42(3):263-268
The aim of the present study was to identify the effect of canavanine on the imidazoline receptor because canavanine is a guanidinium derivative that has a similar structure to imidazoline receptor ligands. Transfected Chinese hamster ovary‐K1 cells expressing imidazoline receptors (nischarin (NISCH)‐CHO‐K1 cells) were used to elucidate the direct effects of canavanine on imidazoline receptors. In addition, the imidazoline I3 receptor has been implicated in stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells. Wistar rats were used to investigate the effects of canavanine (0.1, 1 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) on insulin secretion. In addition the a specific I3 receptor antagonist KU14R (4 or 8 mg/kg, i.v.) was used to block I3 receptors. Canavanine decreased blood glucose by increasing plasma insulin in rats. In addition, canavanine increased calcium influx into NISCH‐CHO‐K1 cells in a manner similar to agmatine, the endogenous ligand of imidazoline receptors. Moreover, KU12R dose‐dependently attenuated canavanine‐induced insulin secretion in HIT‐T15 pancreatic β‐cells and in the plasma of rats. The data suggest that canavanine is an agonist of I3 receptors both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, canavanine would be a useful tool in imidazoline receptor research. 相似文献
84.
Canavanine increases glucose uptake in C2C12 cells through the activation of imidazoline I‐2B receptors
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Pin‐Chun Chao Chin‐Hong Chang Ho‐Shan Niu Gin‐Chi Huang Li‐Jen Chen Juei‐Tang Cheng 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2015,42(10):1045-1050
Canavanine is a guanidinium derivative that contains the basic structure of the ligand(s) of imidazoline receptor (I‐R). Canavanine has been reported to activate the imidazoline I‐3 receptor (I‐3R) both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the activation of the imidazoline I‐2B receptor (I‐2BR) by guanidinium derivatives may increase glucose uptake. Therefore, the effect of canavanine on the I‐2BR was investigated in the present study. Glucose uptake into cultured C2C12 cells was determined using the radio‐ligated tracer 2‐[14C]‐deoxy‐glucose. The changes in 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were also identified using Western blotting analysis. The canavanine‐induced glucose uptake was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by BU224 (0.01–1 μmol/L), which is a specific I‐2BR antagonist, in the C2C12 cells. Additionally, the canavanine‐stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and glucose transporter (GLUT4) expression were also sensitive to BU224 inhibition in the C2C12 cells. Moreover, both canavanine‐stimulated glucose uptake and AMPK phosphorylation were attenuated by high concentrations of amiloride (1–2 μmol/L), which is another established I‐2BR inhibitor, in a dose‐dependent manner in C2C12 cells. Additionally, compound C abolished the canavanine‐induced glucose uptake and AMPK phosphorylation at a concentration (0.1 μmol/L) sufficient to inhibit AMPK. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that canavanine has an ability to activate I‐2BR through the AMPK pathway to increase glucose uptake, which indicates I‐2BR as a new target for diabetic therapy. 相似文献
85.
Fagen Zhang Michael J. BartelsAmy J. Clark Jen L. StaleyTom S. Lardie Dan A. MarkhamBrian J. Hughes Nicholas S. Ball 《Toxicology letters》2015
Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) and diisobutyl carbinol (DIBC) are important organic solvents widely used as industrial intermediates. It was hypothesized that DIBC and DIBK have common metabolic pathways and metabolites, and as such, toxicological data on DIBK could be used to characterize the hazards of DIBC. To confirm or refute this hypothesis a comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics assessment of DIBK and DIBC was conducted. Dosing was via single oral gavage dosing in male SD rats, followed by blood collection, metabolite identification, major biomarker quantitation, and pharmacokinetics analysis. Overall, the major metabolites of both DIBC and DIBK in blood were their corresponding monohydroxylated metabolites (DIBC alcohol and DIBK alcohol) with the site of hydroxylation at the σ and σ-1 positions, respectively. Quantitative analysis of DIBC, DIBK, DIBC-alcohol, and DIBK-alcohol in blood samples collected from 5 min to 120 h after single dosing indicated the following: (1) DIBC and DIBK are both well absorbed following oral gavage with substantial evidence of enterohepatic recirculation of DIBK, DIBC, DIBK-alcohol, and DIBC-alcohol; (2) DIBK and DIBC are interconverted metabolically in rats; (3) DIBC and DIBK have similar bioavailability after oral administration; (4) higher systemic exposure was found for DIBK-alcohol than DIBC-alcohol, implying that DIBC-alcohol may be more easily conjugated and eliminated in bile. In summary, the metabolic similarities and the difference in systemic exposure to metabolites between these substances observed in the current study support the hypothesis that DIBC might have a lower potential toxicity than that of DIBK. The current study results support that toxicological data on DIBK could be used to characterize the hazards of DIBC 相似文献
86.
Chu Yu-Ju Jeng Wen-Juei Pan Mei-Hung Hu Hui-Han Luo Wen-Sheng Su Chien-Yu Chiang Chen-Tse Jen Chin-Lan Chen Chien-Jen Yang Hwai-I 《Journal of gastroenterology》2022,57(6):423-432
Journal of Gastroenterology - In chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, earlier seroclearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is associated with more favorable outcomes. Soluble programmed... 相似文献
87.
A flow system consisting of a parallel-plate flow chamber mounted on the epifluorescence video microscope has been constructed to allow direct visualization of the entire platelet adhesion process under whole blood flow conditions. Adhered platelets with recorded adhesion history were individually identified and observed in detail using a scanning electron microscope. In this study we used cover glasses coated with fibrinogen, fibrin, or collagen as the testing surface. From experiments carried out at the surface shear rate of 445 s(-1), we found that (1) platelet adhesion was a dynamic process that involved attaching, detaching, relocation and transient contact; (2) platelets adhered to all three types of protein-coated surfaces with platelet adhesion on collagen being most unstable; (3) most of these adhered platelets immediately formed short pseudopods after surface contact; (4) platelets adhered to fibrinogen or fibrin were basically non-overlapping and they underwent further shape change with increasing number /length of pseudopods and increasing extent of cytoplasmic spreading; (5) on collagen-coated surface most incoming platelets attached to previously adhered platelets rather than to the collagen threads for blood-surface contact times longer than 30 s; (6) these platelets formed multicellular thrombi with largest thrombi located at about 0.2-0.4 mm from the upstream edge and (7) platelets in the thrombi formed numerous short pseudopods and started fusing with one another within 2 min. These observations show that platelet adhesion under blood flow is a complex and dynamic process and that adhered platelets undergo heterogeneous post-contact morphological changes. Moreover, our results indicate that fibrinogen and fibrin coatings are adhesive while collagen coating is most stimulatory to platelets. 相似文献
88.
89.