纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝

在以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成制备纳米TiO2催化剂样品的基础上,将其用于在紫外光照射和无光照射条件下进行亚甲基蓝降解的实验研究,并与P-25纳米TiO2进行光催化降解对比研究。对在不同条件下合成制备样品的光催化降解率的差异,通过X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等从物相组成、微观结构等因素上进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法在450℃焙烧2 h所得到的纳米TiO2具有很好的光催化降解亚甲基蓝的能力,当催化剂样品质量浓度为2.5 g/L,亚甲基蓝初始浓度为5.0 mg/L时,室温下光催化反应3 h,其降解率达98%以上,其光催化降解率比P-25纳米TiO2高;光催化降解率与催化剂样品的制备条件、物相组成、颗粒尺寸等因素有关。     

四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组硫酸盐还原作用对碳酸盐成岩作用的影响

四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组存在广泛的硫酸盐还原作用,同时地层中也存在锶含量异常高的成岩流体。研究表明:热化学硫酸盐还原作用（TSR）和（或）细菌硫酸盐还原作用（BSR）造成的SO42-离子的消耗对成岩孔隙流体中SrSO4溶解度的改变是三叠系中高Sr成岩流体的形成机制之一,该机制使得孔隙流体从白云石化作用和碳酸盐矿物的新生变形作用中获得的Sr在流体中以高浓度的Sr2+形式存在,并使之在流体中极度富集,这也是四川盆地东北部三叠系中大型和超大型天青石矿床的形成机制之一。H2S和CO2是硫酸盐还原作用的重要产物,不同温度条件下溶于水中的H2S和CO2,与不溶于水的气体分子之间的平衡反应H2S（aq）H2S(g)和CO2(aq)CO2(g)的平衡常数和吉布斯自由能增量计算表明,当温度从25℃升高至220℃时,两个反应的平衡常数分别大致从10增至240和从20增至500,两个反应的平衡常数都始终大于1,说明H2S和CO2更趋向于以气体形式存在,同时温度越高,系统中以气体形式存在的H2S和CO2会越多,溶解于水中的H2S和CO2会越少,因而在深埋藏的高温条件下,H2S和CO2对碳酸盐矿物的溶解能力可能相对很小。相对低温的成岩环境、高温流体的向上和侧向运移、构造抬升、富氧流体与含有H2S流体的混合以及金属硫化物的沉淀是提高含H2S和（或）CO2流体对碳酸盐矿物溶解能力的五个途径。因此,与较早成岩阶段相对浅埋藏环境的碳酸盐溶解作用有关的H2S和CO2流体可能与细菌硫酸盐还原作用（BSR）关系更为密切;断层或其它流体运移通道是高温含有H2S和CO2流体向上运移的基础条件,具有原生孔隙度和渗透率的礁、滩相高能沉积物也是流体发生侧向运移的先决条件;大幅度的构造抬升造成的地层温度降低是提高含H2S和（或）CO2地层流体对碳酸盐矿物溶解能力的重要因素,地壳抬升至近地表造成的古喀斯特作用也可以为H2S的氧化提供良好的地质环境。在有关的勘探中应注意:在断层等流体运移通道造成高温含H2S和CO2流体向上运移的条件下,与之有关的构造低点应该是主要的勘探目标;在燕山运动导致的地层抬升并导致深部热流体降温的条件下,与之有关的构造高点应该是主要的勘探目标,应分别对待。     

分期设计洪水标准计算方法研究

针对水库分期设计和调度运用所涉及的分期情况下如何定义水库防洪标准,以及如何在不突破水库防洪标准的前提下合理确定分期设计洪水标准等关键问题,本文基于概率论中独立事件的概率组合原理,提出了水库分期运用情况下的水库防洪标准的等价表达形式,并以一个水库作为分析案例,在确保水库分期运用情况下的等价防洪标准不突破水库防洪标准的前提下,分别确定了各个分期设计洪水标准以及相应的汛限水位。     

浅谈吉林省企业水平衡测试

本文简述了企业取、用、耗、排各种水量的平衡关系，通过水平衡测试，分析企业用水工艺、用水水平、用水效率以及节水潜力等，对吉林市某企业进行了实例分析，进而提出企业节水措施有关建议。     

西藏南部聂拉木地区前寒武纪岩石磁组构及其构造意义

通过对西藏南部聂拉木地区前寒武纪岩石磁组构进行研究表明:该区岩石磁化率百分率的各向异性H值较高,均大于10%,这说明岩石曾经历了较强烈的韧性变形。根据岩石最小磁化率从主轴K3方向推断的岩石变形期,最大的主压应力方位主要有SN向、NE-SW向、NW-SE向。岩石磁组构费林(Flinn)图解表明,大部分岩石磁组构具有磁面理发育、磁线理不发育,岩石磁化率量值椭球体呈压扁状的特点。部分岩石磁组构还具有磁线理发育、磁面理不发育,岩石磁化率量值椭球体呈拉长形的特点。因此,该区域构造应变型式具有压缩应变和拉伸应变二种型式。岩石磁组构研究还表明,该区具有SN向挤压、NW-SE向挤压、NW-SE向伸展滑脱三期构造应力。这说明高喜马拉雅结晶基底岩石曾经历了SN向逆冲推覆构造作用,NW-SE向逆冲推覆构造作用和NW-SE向伸展滑脱构造作用过程。构造应力场的转变及其构造作用,为印度板块与欧亚板块之间,自白垩纪末~始新世晚期发生的弧~陆、陆~陆碰撞,和始新世晚期以来,强烈的陆内汇聚造山与青藏高原剧烈隆升,及区域伸展滑脱构造作用过程的响应。     

黄河下游拟建堤防截渗墙的工程地质问题分析

根据黄河下游堤防区的工程地质勘察资料 ,分析和阐述了堤防区拟建截渗墙段的工程地质条件 ,针对堤基土渗透变形破坏、堤基土液化、不均匀沉陷、大堤隐患等主要工程地质问题进行了专门研究 ,并提出了有意义的处理措施 ,对黄河下游堤防工程的实施具有重要的实际意义。     

Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA

The cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, resulted in a large, north-facing amphitheater, with a steep headwall rising 700 m above the crater floor. In this deeply shaded niche a glacier, here named the Amphitheater glacier, has formed. Tongues of ice-containing crevasses extend from the main ice mass around both the east and the west sides of the lava dome that occupies the center of the crater floor. Aerial photographs taken in September 1996 reveal a small glacier in the southwest portion of the amphitheater containing several crevasses and a bergschrund-like feature at its head. The extent of the glacier at this time is probably about 0.1 km². By September 2001, the debris-laden glacier had grown to about 1 km² in area, with a maximum thickness of about 200 m, and contained an estimated 120,000,000 m³ of ice and rock debris. Approximately one-third of the volume of the glacier is thought to be rock debris derived mainly from rock avalanches from the surrounding amphitheater walls. The newly formed Amphitheater glacier is not only the largest glacier on Mount St. Helens but its aerial extent exceeds that of all other remaining glaciers combined.     

Mercury emission from terrestrial background surfaces in the eastern USA. Part I: Air/surface exchange of mercury within a southeastern deciduous forest (Tennessee) over one year

This study focused on the development of a seasonal data set of the Hg air/surface exchange over soils associated with low Hg containing surfaces in a deciduous forest in the southern USA. Data were collected every month for 11 months in 2004 within Standing Stone State Forest in Tennessee using the dynamic flux chamber method. Mercury air/surface exchange associated with the litter covered forest floor was very low with the annual mean daytime flux being 0.4 ± 0.5 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ (n = 301). The daytime Hg air/surface exchange over the year oscillated between emission (81% of samples with positive flux) and deposition (19% of samples with negative flux). A seasonal trend of lower emission in the spring and summer (closed canopy) relative to the fall and winter (open canopy) was observed. Correlations were found between the air/surface exchange and certain environmental factors on specific days sampled but not collectively over the entire year. The very low magnitude of Hg air/surface exchange as observed in this study suggests that an improved methodology for determining and reporting emission fluxes is needed when the values of fluxes and chamber blanks are both very low and comparable. This study raises questions and points to a need for more research regarding how to scale the Hg air/surface exchange for surfaces with very low emissions.     

镇沅下岔河金异常区地球化学

下岔河地区Au异常强度高、规模大、浓集中心明显,组合特征与著名的老王寨金矿较相似.受韧性剪切带控制,结合Au异常的空间分布和异常区内出露的岩性,下岔河地区具有较好的找矿前景.