The Precision Estimate of Multi-Fractal Methods of Time Sequence of Earthquakes

At present,there are many methods of calculating seismic time-fractal.However,there isn’t aquantitative result about the precision of every method.So,in this Paper,we use the digitalimitation of theoretic model to solve precision estimate problems of calculating the precision ofone dimension distribution of theoretic models with Cantor multi-fractal set,we obtained someresults as follows:(1)There exists many problems such as rules,numbers of samples,basicpoint selection,the diffence resulted from different methods and so on.(2)The fixed-massmethod(MAS)and the minimal spanning tree method(MST)can give good structure charac-teristics with different q value,while the counting-boxes method can’t.And the error of thefixed-radius method(RAD)in the range of-q is too big.(3)There are scale problems of rulesfor multi-fractal,it is objective reflection for non-rule area.(4)MST has the boundary prob-lem,while MAS and RAD don’t.(5)With increasing sample number,the precision of allfractal-dimension values becomes     

Abundance and distribution of meiofauna in the Chukchi Sea

The metazoan meiofauna in the Chukchi Sea were collected from seven shallow water stations(depths ranging 46 to 52 m) and five deep sea stations(depths ranging between 393 and 2 300 m) during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2010. The results showed that abundance of meiofauna was higher in shallow water sediments(average of 2 445 ind./(10 cm2)) than in deep sea sediments(407.06 ind./(10 cm2)). A UNIANOVA test for difference between the two different regions was highly significant(F=101.15, p0.01). Nematodes were numerically dominant, representing(96.6±4.6)% of the total meiofaunal abundance at the shallow water stations and(98.90±1.42)% at deep sea stations. The number of higher taxonomic groups and abundance of meiofauna were higher at Stas CC1, CC4, and R06 near the Bering Strait and the continent, than at the rest of the shallow water and deep sea stations. The primary factors causing the differences were concentrations of nutrients P and Si of bottom seawater(R=0.831, p0.003), followed by depth(R=-0.655, p0.05) and sand fractions of sediments(R=0.632, p 0.05). The numbers of meiofauna on the 65 μm and 32 μm sieves were significantly higher than those on the rest of the screens. Differences in numbers of meiofauna retained on screens with different mesh openings were highly significant among all sampling stations(F=31.60, p0.01). The highest numbers of individuals on screens with 32 μm mesh openings were found at deep sea stations. The number of meiofauna in the top 0–1, 1–2, and 2–4 cm segments constituted 84.4% of the total and was significantly higher than those in the bottom 4–6 and 6–10 cm segments(F=15, p0.01).     

Impact of the Western Pacific Tropical Easterly Jet on Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency over the Western North Pacific

Although it is well known that the tropical easterly jet(TEJ)has a significant impact on summer weather and climate over India and Africa,whether the TEJ exerts an important impact on tropical cyclone(TC)activity over the western North Pacific(WNP)remains unknown.In this study,we examined the impact of the TEJ on the interannual variability of TC genesis frequency over the WNP in the TC season(June-September)during 1980-2020.The results show a significant positive correlation between TC genesis frequency over the WNP and the jet intensity in the entrance region of the TEJ over the tropical western Pacific(in brief WP_TEJ),with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.66.The intensified WP_TEJ results in strong ageostrophic northerly winds in the entrance region and thus upper-level divergence to the north of the jet axis over the main TC genesis region in the WNP.This would lead to an increase in upward motion in the troposphere with enhanced low-level convergence,which are the most important factors to the increases in low-level vorticity,mid-level humidity and low-level eddy kinetic energy,and the decreases in sea level pressure and vertical wind shear in the region.All these changes are favorable for TC genesis over the WNP and vice versa.Further analyses indicate that the interannual variability of the WP_TEJ intensity is likely to be linked to the local diabatic heating over the Indian Ocean-western Pacific and the central Pacific El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation.     

IPCC第五次评估报告第二工作组报告中国引文计量分析

<正>IPCC第五次评估报告(AR5)第二工作组(WGII)报告[1]由来自70个国家的308位主要作者协调人、主要作者和编审共同编写,共有12位中国科学家参与。IPCC AR5系列报告自发布以来,引起了社会各界的广泛关注,许多学者、政策研究者分别从不同角度对其进行分析[2-6]。本文拟通过对WGII AR5中国引文的分析,掌握中国当前在气候变化影响、适应和脆弱性领域的研究现状。1研究方法     

木里煤田聚乎更矿区天然气水合物气源探讨

木里煤田位于青藏高原东北缘,近年在木里煤田聚乎更矿区中侏罗统窑街组中发现了天然气水合物。为了对天然气水合物气源类型做出客观认识,本文对木里煤田聚乎更矿区中侏罗统窑街组烃源岩样品的有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质热演化程度进行了详细研究,并在此基础上对比了研究区天然气水合物、煤层气中烷烃气的异同,最终确定研究区天然气水合物成因类型和气源。结果表明:(1)研究区中侏罗统窑街组的泥质烃源岩有机质丰度较高,属好生油岩,有机质类型属于Ⅰ型干酪根,Ro值在0.65%～1.32%之间,有机质热演化程度达到了石油伴生气阶段;(2)天然气水合物烷烃气碳同位素特征显示大部分烷烃气呈现正碳同位素特征系列,相同碳数的天然气水合物烷烃气碳同位素较煤层气轻,天然气水合物烷烃气中甲烷含量相对煤层气较低,且天然气水合物烷烃气δ13 C2值均小于-28‰,属于油型气;(3)中侏罗统窑街组烃源岩碳同位素特征与天然气水合物的碳同位素具有高度一致性,表明研究区天然气水合物气源主要来自于中侏罗统窑街组的湖相泥岩和油页岩。     

南京市居民网络购物行为特征——以书籍和衣服为例

随着信息通讯技术(ICT)的飞速发展,网络购物日益成为当今社会经济生活的重要组成部分,深刻影响了居民的购物消费行为和传统零售业的发展。不同国家、不同人群、不同商品类型的居民购物行为具有一定差异。本文在问卷调查的基础上,分析南京市居民网络购物行为特征,并区分不同商品类型的居民网购行为特征差异,对理解网络购物和实体购物相互作用关系及网购对于交通出行和城市零售业空间的影响具有重要意义。结果表明：居民网络购物行为是一个复杂的过程,不同类型商品、不同频率网购人群在社会经济属性、空间特征、网络使用及购物习惯、购物态度上有明显差异,其中不同频率网购衣服的人群在特征上的差异更为显著,体验型商品对网络购物这一新型购物方式的响应更为强烈。     

β效应和移动性CISK波与南亚夏季风槽脊的活动

本文采用简单的纬向对称的两层线性模式研究了存在β效应情况下Ekman-CISK扰动的动力特征,结果发现在β效应和对流凝结加热的共同作用下大气中可以产生一种移动性的CISK波.在取南亚夏季风区平均大气参数情况下的计算结果表明,这种移动性CISK波可以解释南亚夏季风槽脊活动的一些基本特征.因此,可以初步认为β效应和CISK机制对南亚夏季风槽脊的活动具有极其重要的作用.     

低纬大尺度大气水平运动的稳定性与季风活动

本文从赤道β平面近似下的水平运动方程组出发,在简化条件下研究了赤道低纬地区大尺度大气水平运动的稳定性及其分岔和突变的特征,并讨论了某些条件下运动的解析解及其流型特征,且利用所得到的结果对季风的活跃、中断及振荡特征作了简单的分析和讨论,得到了一些有意义的结论。      

基于雨雪天气背景的微波辐射计斜路径与天顶观测的反演结果对比分析

利用常规观测资料和微波辐射计、风廓线雷达、激光雨滴谱仪等新型探测资料,对2020年3月底南京地区一次寒潮雨雪天气过程进行了分析,探讨新型探测资料在降水相态转换监测预报中的应用。结果表明：(1) 乌拉尔山高压脊、高空冷涡、地面强冷高压、地面冷锋是造成本次寒潮天气的主要天气系统。南支槽前西南气流提供水汽、850 hPa以下冷空气造成中低层气温持续下降是产生降水相态变化的关键。(2) 微波辐射计观测资料显示,雨雪过程中低层先降温、地面后降温,近地层有暖层;降水相态转换前后,0 ℃层高度变化明显,纯雪时段达到最低;水汽主要分布在3—4 km,液态水含量和水汽密度在雨夹雪时段最大,在纯雪时段最小。(3) 风廓线雷达观测的垂直风场反映出低层冷空气南下使冷垫增厚,迫使暖湿空气抬升、气温下降,从而导致降水相态转变;由于西南急流没有稳定建立,因此未出现强降雪天气。(4) 激光雨滴谱仪观测到降雪粒子的直径大、降落末速度小,而降雨粒子的直径小、降落末速度大,可以用来监测和预报降水相态的变化;从雨—雨夹雪—纯雪阶段,粒子谱型经历了双峰—波动—多峰的演变过程,谱宽与数浓度呈明显增加趋势。