Conditions of pocket formation in the Oktyabrskaya tourmaline-rich gem pegmatite (the Malkhan field, Central Transbaikalia, Russia)

Coexisting melt (MI), fluid-melt (FMI) and fluid (FI) inclusions in quartz from the Oktaybrskaya pegmatite, central Transbaikalia, have been studied and the thermodynamic modeling of PVTX-properties of aqueous orthoboric-acid fluids has been carried out to define the conditions of pocket formation. At room temperature, FMI in early pocket quartz and in quartz from the coarse-grained quartz–oligoclase host pegmatite contain crystalline aggregates and an orthoboric-acid fluid. The portion of FMI in inclusion assemblages decreases and the volume of fluid in inclusions increases from the early to the late growth zones in the pocket quartz. No FMI have been found in the late growth zones. Significant variations of solid/fluid ratios in the neighboring FMI result from heterogeneous entrapment of coexisting melts and fluids by a host mineral. Raman spectroscopy, SEM EDS and EMPA indicate that the crystalline aggregates in FMI are dominated by mica minerals of the boron-rich muscovite–nanpingite CsAl₂[AlSi₃O₁₀](OH,F)₂ series as well as lepidolite. Topaz, quartz, potassium feldspar and several unidentified minerals occur in much lower amounts. Fluid isolations in FMI and FI have similar total salinity (4–8 wt.% NaCl eq.) and H₃BO₃ contents (12–16 wt.%). The melt inclusions in host-pegmatite quartz homogenize at 570–600 °C. The silicate crystalline aggregates in large inclusions in pocket quartz completely melt at 615 °C. However, even after those inclusions were significantly overheated at 650±10 °C and 2.5 kbar during 24 h they remained non-homogeneous and displayed two types: (i) glass+unmelted crystals and (ii) fluid+glass. The FMI glasses contain 1.94–2.73 wt.% F, 2.51 wt.% B₂O₃, 3.64–5.20 wt.% Cs₂O, 0.54 wt.% Li₂O, 0.57 wt.% Ta₂O₅, 0.10 wt.% Nb₂O₅, 0.12 wt.% BeO. The H₂O content of the glass could exceed 12 wt.%. Such compositions suggest that the residual melts of the latest magmatic stage were strongly enriched in H₂O, B, F, Cs and contained elevated concentrations of Li, Be, Ta, and Nb. FMI microthermometry showed that those melts could have crystallized at 615–550 °C.

Crystallization of quartz–feldspar pegmatite matrix leads to the formation of H₂O-, B- and F-enriched residual melts and associated fluids (prototypes of pockets). Fluids of different compositions and residual melts of different liquidus–solidus P–T-conditions would form pockets with various internal fluid pressures. During crystallization, those melts release more aqueous fluids resulting in a further increase of the fluid pressure in pockets. A significant overpressure and a possible pressure gradient between the neighboring pockets would induce fracturing of pockets and “fluid explosions”. The fracturing commonly results in the crushing of pocket walls, formation of new fractures connecting adjacent pockets, heterogenization and mixing of pocket fluids. Such newly formed fluids would interact with a primary pegmatite matrix along the fractures and cause autometasomatic alteration, recrystallization, leaching and formation of “primary–secondary” pockets.     

隧道信息化施工岩溶裂隙水超前地质预报

隧道突水是岩溶地区隧道信息化施工过程中经常遇到的一类地质灾害,给施工安全带来了重大危害和经济损失,因此,对隧道掌子面前方的岩溶裂隙水进行准确及时的超前预报,是岩溶地区隧道动态设计与信息化施工中亟待解决的重要问题,具有重要的理论意义和重大的工程实用价值。总结了隧道信息化施工中岩溶裂隙水超前预报方法,重点介绍了在水文地质分析的基础上,综合运用TSP预报系统和红外探水法两种方法对某特长公路隧道岩溶裂隙水进行了工程实例探测,收到了良好的预报效果,对类似工程具有一定的指导意义。     

定州市燕家佐锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水

饮用天然矿泉水水源地位于太行山前的唐河、大沙河冲洪积扇交叠部位。“矿水床”深度为６０～１３６ｍ，上更新统下部为石英、长石质粗砂及花岗岩、片麻岩、石英岩质的砾石、卵石。长石类矿物均有风化现象，经过与地下水化学成分的交替、溶滤作用，在地下水中某些有益组分得以富集，Ｓｒ含量０．２７～０．４７６ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｈ＿２ＳｉＯ＿３２６．４７～３１．４１ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｎａ９．３～１６．６ｍｇ／Ｌ，矿化度３２１～４７５ｍｇ／Ｌ，属低钠、低矿化度、锶－偏硅酸重碳酸钙型饮用天然矿泉水。其中，尚含Ｌｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｒ等对人体健康有益的微量元素。同位素氚的测试结果：１９．２１±５．３５ＴＵ及５．０７±３．２２ＴＵ。抽水试验结果为Ｓ＝５ｍ时，Ｑ＝３６～１９７ｍ￣３／ｈ。     

珍珠陶石的夹层化合物法鉴定

应用联氨、使珍珠陶石形成其夹层物，然后再用水洗获是水合珍珠陶石，这种水合珍珠陶石具有十分特征的０．８３５ｎｍＸ射线衍射峰，而高岭石族的其它矿物却保持不变，利用这一明显的特征，可以容易地区分出混合在高岭石中的少量珍珠陶石。     

山西义兴寨金矿床地球化学研究

晋东北地区以唐河大断裂为核心的一组早燕山期 NW向张剪性断裂与区域 NE向复向斜复合部位 ,控制着区内燕山期中酸性浅成侵入体及其与之有关的铁、金、铜矿化 ,义兴寨金矿是该地区具代表性的典型矿床。金矿床为热液型脉状金 -多金属矿床 ,矿体受岩体和断裂构造控制。金矿床分 4个成矿期 ,8个亚期。对金矿床的矿床地质特征、成矿流体成分、性质、成矿物理化学条件及成矿时代的研究表明 ,成矿溶液的 p H值为 6 .1 6～ 6 .5 3:Eh值为 -0 .2 81～-0 .2 80 ;lgf O2 =-3.6～ -2 9,lgf CO2 =4 .3～ 5 .2 ;成矿温度为 1 90～ 349℃ ;成矿压力为 2 0 .0～ 76 .0 MPa;矿床主成矿期石英的 40 Ar— 3 9Ar坪年龄为 ( 1 31 .4± 3.1 ) Ma。     

浅析探矿权评估方法应用中存在的问题

由于探矿权勘查风险、地质前景的不可预测性,国内外对探矿权的评估方法仍处于探索阶段,不够成熟.现在探矿权评估有很多方法,但是每种评估方法都有其弊端,文章选取了3个同矿种、同矿带的某勘查区探矿权作为评估对象,这3个勘查区域勘查工作程度不同.通过对3个区块探矿权评估价值的对比分析,来浅析在各阶段各评估方法在现今探矿权评估中尚存在的问题:不管是使用何种方法对勘查区进行评估,由于采用参数不同,评估出的价值将会有很大的差距.     

Formation Environment of Main Brown Coal Seam in Xi-2 Minefield of Shengli Coalfield Based on Coal Ash Phase Analysis

The formation environment of the main coal seam in Shengli coal mine is analyzed, and the effect of coal ash parameters on the coal-forming environment is mainly discussed according to gray component parameters combined with other coal quality test analysis data. Results show that the hydrodynamic conditions of the main coal during coal accumulation have a general pattern of strong northeast and weak southwest, and lakeside swamp is generally in the retrograde process from south to north. The No.5 coal seam is a water entry cycle, and the No.5_lower coal is a water withdrawal cycle. The No.6 thick coal seam is formed in the peat swamp environment where the water is shallow and the groundwater activity is weak. The input of terrestrial debris material was most abundant in the formation period of No.5_lower coal, followed by No.5 coal, and that in No.6 coal is the least. Vertically, the peat swamp environment changed from weak reduction to weak oxidation to strong reducing environment. The ash yield was low to high to low from bottom to top. The organic sulfur is the main type of sulfur in the main coal seam. The weaker the hydrodynamic condition, the higher the organic sulfur content in the reduction environment, while lower organic sulfur content in the oxidation environment. The peat swamp water of No.5_lower coal is medium alkaline, and the peat swamp water of No.5 and No. 6 coals is weakly alkaline or acidic.     

山西高家山铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及意义

山西沁源县高家山铝土矿床是山西省地质调查院于2013年发现的大型铝土矿床。本文通过对高家山铝土矿的研究,分析并研究铝土矿样品的稀土元素含量和地球化学特征,探讨稀土元素对于本区铝土矿成因和环境的指示意义。研究表明:该区铝土矿体的ΣREE总量较大,轻稀土元素相对富集,具有明显的Eu负异常;利用稀土元素图解大致反映出底板碳酸盐岩是本区铝土矿床的主要物质来源,铝土矿形成于被动大陆边缘地带海相或海陆过渡相环境。ΣREE与Al2O3含量相关性不大。本区矿床稀土元素含量达到或超过综合利用标准,具有巨大的潜在经济价值。     

气温日较差研究进展:变化趋势及其影响因素

从日较差的变化趋势、影响因素以及人类活动对气候变化影响的指示3个方面对日较差的研究进行了总结和概括。观测数据以及气候模式模拟的结果表明,全球气温日较差在近半个多世纪以来呈下降趋势,而这种下降趋势不仅仅是自然变化的结果,还受到人类活动的影响。辐射、云量、气溶胶、下垫面的变化、水汽、降水以及航迹云等因素都能对日较差的变化造成影响。日较差的"周末效应"以及城市化过程中日较差的变化相对于平均气温的变化,能够更有效地指示人类活动对气候变化的影响。