京津冀协同发展区活动构造与地壳稳定性

京津冀协同发展区是中国东部规划的战略开发区之一,也是华北地区主要的活动构造区,新构造活动强烈,活动断裂发育,地震频发,具有潜在的地质安全隐患问题。基于张家口地区、雄安新区及邻区、北京及关键构造部位调查研究结果,结合已有研究成果,系统分析了京津冀协同发展区主要活动断裂几何学、运动学和动力学特征及其工程地质、地质灾害特征,采用ArcGIS平台的空间分析功能,初步完成了京津冀协同发展区地壳稳定性评价。研究结果表明,京津冀协同发展区发育邢台-河间-唐山、石家庄-通州NNE向构造带和张家口-渤海NWW向区域性活动构造带,其中全新世活动断裂11条,晚更新世活动断裂16条,第四纪断裂23条;冀北及冀东南地区现今构造应力场最大水平主应力方向为近EW向,而太行山东缘南段为NNE向,北段为NW向;NNE向活动断裂带总体表现为顺时针扭动正断活动,倾向SE,NWW向活动断裂带晚更新世以来具有明显的活动性,整体表现为反时针扭动正断活动,倾向SW。京津冀协同发展区地壳稳定性总体较好,不稳定区及次不稳定区主要分布在邢台、唐山、延怀盆地和全新世活动断裂带内,利于重要城镇和重大工程规划建设。研究成果将为京津冀协同发展区宏观发展战略提供地质支撑。     

甘肃北山金庙沟南大型硅灰石矿床地质特征及找矿标志

甘肃省肃北县金庙沟南硅灰石矿床产于敦煌岩群C岩组三岩段的石英硅灰大理岩与花岗岩的接触带及其附近，矿体呈透镜状、似层状产出。矿区共圈出硅灰石矿体16个，矿体长96~818 m，矿体厚度在1.20~12.33 m之间，矿石品位为φ（硅灰石）=35.53%~51.62%，含矿岩石为石英硅灰石大理岩。矿石的类型可分为团块状硅灰石-方解石-石英型矿石、薄层状硅灰石-方解石-石英型矿石。在矿床地质特征研究的基础上，对矿床成因类型进行了分析，提出了找矿标志，对甘肃北山寻找同类矿床具有借鉴意义。     

Projected glacier meltwater and river run‐off changes in the Upper Reach of the Shule River Basin,north‐eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

Glacier meltwater change in the north‐eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau is greatly important for the projection of the impact of future climate change on local water resource management. Although the glaciated area is only approximately 4% of the Upper Reach of the Shule River Basin (URSRB), the average glacier meltwater contribution to river run‐off was approximately 23.6% during the periods 1971/1972 to 2012/2013. A new glacier melting module coupled with the macroscale hydrologic Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC‐CAS) was adopted to simulate and project changes in the glacier meltwater and river run‐off of the URSRB forced by downscaled output of the BCC‐CSM1.1(m), CANESM2, GFDL‐CM3, and IPSL‐CM5A‐MR models. Comparisons between the observed and simulated river run‐offs and glacier area changes during the periods 2000/2001, 2004/2006, 2008/2009, and 2012/2013 suggest that the simulation is reasonable. Due to increases in precipitation, the annual total run‐off is projected to increase by approximately 2.58–2.73 × 10⁸ m³ in the 2050s and 0.28–1.87 × 10⁸ m³ in the 2100s compared with run‐off in the 2010s based on the RCP2.6 (low greenhouse gas emission) and RCP4.5 (moderate greenhouse gas emission) scenarios, respectively. The contribution of glacier meltwater to river run‐off will more likely decrease to approximately 10% and less than 5% during the 2050s and 2100s, respectively.     

1980—2019年中国西北地区降雪和融雪时空变化特征北大核心CSCDCSSCI

西北地区降雪和融雪特征的长期变化对于融雪洪水过程的准确模拟具有重要意义。本研究基于1961—1979年站点观测的日降水和气温等数据,首先对比了湿球温度法、KS方法和双临界气温法计算的降雪量,确定了精度最高的双临界气温方案,进而计算了1980—2019年的日雪雨比,最后分析了雪雨比、降雪开始日期和融雪开始日期的变化规律。结果包括:①春季平均气温呈显著上升趋势,随海拔上升升温速率减小,青藏高原地区、东南部半干旱区、半湿润区春季气温上升速率略低于北疆、南疆、河西走廊及内蒙古西部,春季雪雨比在海拔1000 m以上呈显著下降趋势,在青藏高原地区、东南部半干旱区、半湿润区呈显著下降趋势;秋季平均气温显著上升,随海拔上升升温速率增大,空间上在青藏高原地区上升速率最快,秋季雪雨比在不同海拔和部分气候分区都呈不显著下降趋势;冬季平均气温在海拔2000 m以上呈现显著升温,且随着海拔的升高升温速率加快,空间上在青藏高原地区、东南部半干旱区、半湿润区呈现显著升温,降雪量在1000~2000 m呈现显著增加趋势,空间上在北疆地区呈现显著增加趋势。②降雪开始日期随着温度的升高在所有区域都没有显著的推迟,每一年的降雪开始日期在不同高程带和不同气候区之间的差别没有变化,仍为30~40d。③融雪开始日期在所有海拔区间和气候分区都呈现出显著的提前趋势,每一年的融雪开始的日期在不同高程带和不同气候区的差别仍为25~30d。降雪和融雪特征的变化说明气候变化可能已经对融雪洪水的特征产生了明显的影响。     

长江黄河源区生态环境范围的探讨

在江河源区地理学与水文学界定的基础上,在明确界定源区范围四大原则与依据的前提下,文章综合分析了长江黄河源区的地貌特征、气候条件、植被分布以及水文水系特征,并在此基础上综合确定了长江黄河源区生态环境研究的范围。以达日水文站为界,以上区域为黄河流域生态环境研究的源区范围,流域控制面积约4.49×104 km², 源区为高原湖泊沼泽地貌,地形平缓, 高寒半干旱气候, 受水热条件控制植被主要为草原化草甸;长江流域生态环境研究的源区以聂恰曲汇口为界,流域控制面积约12.24×104 km²。长江源区为高平原丘陵地貌,地形变化和缓,气候为高寒干旱半干旱气候,因范围广阔,分布高寒草原和高寒草甸植被。     

室内位置轨迹的聚类与可视化

室内移动对象轨迹数据分析是商铺促销、室内空间规划、广告竞价等具有重要商业价值的应用基础,在公共安全、应急方案中也是必不可少的部分,近年来越来越受到研究者的重视。为了实现室内移动对象轨迹聚类分析,本文提出了一种将DBSCAN聚类算法与可视化相结合的综合分析方法。首先利用DBSCAN算法对某商场大厦内采集的基于手机Wi Fi信息的室内轨迹数据进行聚类处理;然后对得到的聚类成果和信息进行分析,为该商场的布局规划和店铺调整等提供一定的参考信息;最后,对该商场大厦的室内轨迹数据进行热度图可视化展示,并将展示效果与聚类结果进行对比,相互验证。     

六盘山地区下白垩统红色绿色泥岩地球化学特征及气候环境

白垩纪是距今最近的"温室地球"时期,研究其气候演变对认识现今气候环境格局形成及演变具有重要意义。通过对六盘山地区下白垩统六盘山群李洼峡组中段红色、绿色泥岩的元素地球化学特征研究,发现2种泥岩中大部分元素变异趋势相似;化学风化指数(CIA)相当(红色泥岩平均为66.3%,绿色泥岩平均为65.5%),反映中—低化学风化强度;A-CN-K图解显示源岩单一。利用CaCO3质量百分含量,(CaO+Na2O+K2O)/Al2O3,TFeO/Mn,Ti/Sr,Rb/Sr,Sr/Ba比值等指标分析显示泥岩颜色差异与气候背景有关,红色泥岩形成时气候较为稳定,表现为相对湿润且氧化的环境,而绿色泥岩形成时气候波动较大,表现为相对干旱且还原的环境。     

Coupling a glacier melt model to the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model for hydrological modeling in north-western China

For the sustainable utilization of rivers in the mid and downstream regions, it is essential that land surface hydrological processes are quantified in high cold mountains regions, as it is in these regions where most of the larger rivers in China acquire their headstreams. Glaciers are one of the most important water resources of north-west China. However, they are seldom explicitly considered within hydrological models, and climate-change effects on glaciers, permafrost and snow cover will have increasingly important consequences for runoff. In this study, an energy-balance ice-melt model was integrated within the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrological model. The extended VIC model was applied to simulate the hydrological processes in the Aksu River basin, a large mountainous and glaciered catchment in north-west China. The runoff components and their response to climate change were analyzed based on the simulated and observed data. The model showed an acceptable performance, and achieved an efficiency coefficient R ² ≈ 0.8 for the complete simulation period. The results indicate that a large proportion of the catchment runoff is derived from ice meltwater and snowmelt water. In addition, over the last 38 years, rising temperature caused an extension in the snow/ice melting period and a reduction in the seasonality signal of runoff. Due to teh increased precipitation runoff, the Aksu catchment annual runoff had a positive trend, increasing by about 40.00 × 10⁶ m³ per year, or 25.7 %.     

Global snowmelt flood disasters and their impact from 1900 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Under the background of climate warming, the occurrence time, frequency, intensity, and impact of snowmelt flood disasters have changed significantly. Thus, establishing a global snowmelt flood disaster database is particularly important for disaster risk management. With the help of a web crawler, and based on multiple data sources such as natural disaster databases, documents, books, government agency websites, and news media, this study collected relevant information of snowmelt floods and mixed floods and established standards for identifying snowmelt flood events and their disaster impacts based on data from the different sources. Following the screening, sorting, fusion, and integration of snowmelt flood events, a global snowmelt flood disaster dataset containing 579 pieces of data with strong pertinence and reliability was constructed. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of global snowmelt flood disasters from 1900 to 2020 were preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that the snowmelt floods were mainly distributed between 30° N and 60° N, with more mixed floods south of 50° N and more snowmelt floods north of 50° N. Spring was the period of highest incidence of snowmelt flood disasters, followed by winter, summer, and autumn, respectively. The snowmelt floods that occurred in spring, autumn, and winter were mainly at 40°~50° N, and the snowmelt floods that occurred in summer were mainly at 30°~40° N. Compared with the snowmelt floods, the mixed floods were more frequent and more destructive, and their frequency increased with climate warming. The results provide a scientific basis for risk prevention and loss assessment of global snowmelt flood disasters. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

中国农区文化创意产业集群形成演化的影响因素研究——以河南民权“画虎村”为例

基于对文化创意产业集群城市区位倾向的反思,认为城市尽管提供了文化创意产业集群发展的诸多有利条件,如集中的市场、众多的大学、科研机构与支持行业等,但并非是其形成演化的唯一区位选择,农区同样也可以形成文化创意产业集群。通过对河南省民权县"画虎村"文化创意产业集群的分析,发现由血缘、亲缘与地缘关系构成的非贸易性联系、文化传统、偶然历史事件,在我国农区文化创意产业集群的初期形成中起着关键作用,而政府的适时介入则是农区文化创意产业集群后继发展的"催化剂"。