提高耕地质量 确保国家粮食安全

党的十七大报告明确提出：“加大支农惠农政策力度,严格保护耕地,增加农业投入,促进农业科技进步,增强农业综合生产能力,确保国家粮食安全。”这是党中央基于我国农业发展的现状和所面临的实际问题而做出的重大决策。按照中央的部署,既要注重耕地数量上的保护,也要注重耕地质量上的保护,只有提高耕地质量,才能提高单位面积粮食产量和粮食质量,确保国家粮食安全。     

焦作矿区山西组二_1煤煤级分带特征及其地质意义

通过对焦作矿区进行的剖析,确定了二_1煤煤级的水平分带特征,并试图据这些特征去解释某些有关的地质问题。     

冀中坳陷武清凹陷苏50井石炭-二叠纪煤系的成烃演化

基于对武清凹陷苏50井的石炭-二叠纪煤系的构造—埋藏史研究,结合磷灰石裂变径迹测试及矿物包裹体分析,运用EASY%Ro数值模拟技术,研究了苏50井石炭-二叠系烃源岩的生烃演化历史,揭示了苏50井处石炭-二叠系烃源岩曾发生过3次重要的生烃作用过程,分别发生在海西-印支期、燕山期与喜马拉雅晚期,主要生烃作用发生在喜马拉雅晚期,并指出武清凹陷是华北石炭-二叠系煤成气勘探的有利地区之一。     

二氧化碳注入煤层多用途研究

为了减轻环境污染,提高煤层气产率,增加能源储备,根据煤层气地质学和生物气的基本理论,提出二氧化碳(CO2)注入煤层多种用途这一新观点。研究结果显示:煤对CO2具有很强的吸附能力,可将煤层作为CO2的储集层;煤具有优先吸附CO2而滞后吸附甲烷(CH4)的特性,向煤层注入CO2可大大提高煤层气的采收率;产甲烷菌具有利用CO2生成CH4的能力,新生成的CH4成为能源储备的有益补充。可见,CO2注入煤层不仅可有效减少温室气体的排放,强化煤层甲烷产出,而且为新能源生物CH4的生成提供了基质。     

Oxidative damage to DNA: an immunohistochemical approach for detection of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine in marine organisms

The modified nucleoside 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is an index of oxidative DNA damage. An immunohistochemical approach based on the use of monoclonal antibody 1F7 against 8-oxo-dG was investigated in marine organisms with immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent detection. Relative staining intensity as a measure of the 8-oxo-dG level was microscopically assessed. After laboratory exposures to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), higher levels of oxidative DNA damage were clearly detected in all treated animals compared to controls. While this method eliminates DNA extraction reducing the processing of biological samples, absolute values are not provided. Further, the method requires only small amounts of tissue and potentially discriminates susceptibility to oxidative damage in different cell types. These results suggest that the assay should have practical applications in marine ecotoxicology.     

Cypermethrin induces glutathione S-transferase activity in the shore crab,Carcinus maenas

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that is particularly toxic to crustacea. It is therefore applied as a chemotherapeutant in the salmonid aquaculture industry for the treatment of sea lice infestations. After use, cypermethrin is released directly into the marine environment, to be diluted by fresh seawater. The shore crab, Carcinus maenas is found in the vicinity of fish farms, and may come into contact with released cypermethrin. The detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) has been implicated in cypermethrin metabolism in terrestrial arthropods, but this has not yet been demonstrated in crustacea. In this paper we investigate the response of GST activity in Carcinus to cypermethrin exposure, and also the time course of the induction process. GST activity is significantly increased in Carcinus exposed to nominal concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/l of water-borne cypermethrin. Carcinus demonstrate a significant elevation in GST activity following intra-cephalothoracic injection with 10 ng of cypermethrin. GST activity returns to basal levels after 36 h. The potential application of GST activity in Carcinus as a biomarker of cypermethrin exposure is discussed.     

煤系气地质调查若干问题思考与探讨

【研究目的】以观念更新带动煤系气地质调查方案出新,以方案出新带动煤系气地质调查突破。【研究方法】回顾煤系气地质调查历程,辨析煤系气基本概念,概述煤系气研究勘查关键进展,进而提出煤系气地质调查建议。【研究结果】（1）中国煤系气地质调查已经历四个探索阶段,迄今尚无关于煤系气资源的全方位系统认识,开展地质调查以摸清家底势在必行。（2）辨析了五个煤系气地质基本概念,为精准定义地质调查边界条件提供参考。（3）概述了四项煤系气研究勘查关键进展,为选择地质调查依据提供参考。（4）提出了五方面地质调查原则性建议,为确定地质调查重点提供参考。【结论】煤系气地质条件特点鲜明,地质调查方案力求针对性,浅部煤系气地质调查以核查工作为主,深部煤系气资源则是调查工作的重中之重。调查深部煤层气资源潜力及其规模性释放价值,建立深部煤储层关键属性预测评价模型。破除单一储层厚度传统约束,关注以薄互层煤系气为重点的超大规模聚集高渗条件。探索改进煤系储层含气量测试规程方法,扩大高可靠性刻度方法应用范围,促进煤系气地质调查向开发效果靠拢。关注先前某些“漏网”盆地煤系气潜力,强化对盆地深部和含煤性较差盆地的潜力调查。