四川林农复合经营持续发展对策探讨

分析了四川林农复合经营的主要类型、效益与障碍，并探讨了其持续发展的原则、有利条件与对策．     

GPS授时地震仪走时误差校正

受制造成本和工艺的限制,GPS授时地震仪中的守时晶振不可避免地会有频率误差,继而在数据采集过程中,随着采集时间的增加,各台站之间会出现采集不同步现象。介绍了Akima分段多项式插值重采样方法及其在GPS授时地震仪时间校正中的应用。通过对理论数据与实际数据的Akima插值重采样试验表明,Akima插值重采样方法可应用于GPS授时地震仪走时误差校正,是一种简便、高效、保形性好的插值重采样方法。     

生态系统服务社会价值与生态价值的权衡与协同关系——以普达措国家公园为例

以香格里拉普达措国家公园为研究区,借助SolVES模型和InVEST模型,分别度量其社会价值（美学价值、文化价值、游憩价值）和生态价值（生境质量、碳储量、水源供给）的空间特征,并运用双变量空间自相关分析对二者空间权衡与协同关系进行研究。研究表明：① 社会价值的高值区呈“多核心,多条状”的空间格局,社会价值指数高达8.6（该指数介于1~10）,且距水体的距离越近对社会价值的贡献越大（贡献度为45.9%）;② 生态价值良好及优的空间范围占园区面积的1/2（49.91%）,主要位于原始森林保存良好的碧塔海片区和尼汝东北部扎诺一带;③ 社会价值与生态价值之间存在显著的空间依赖性,其中社会价值低,生态价值高的区域是园区最主要的空间聚集特征。该研究可为生态系统服务的可持续管理决策提供科学依据,以及有助于完善基于生态系统服务的社会?生态系统分析理论框架。     

阿尔金山东段河道陡峭指数对区域隆升差异的响应

阿尔金山东段是青藏高原北部边界带的重要组成部分,其构造活动特征及隆升信息是研究青藏高原隆升机制的重要内容。随着地貌学的深入研究,河道陡峭指数作为一种地貌参数可以对区域构造隆升有较好反映。本文提取了阿尔金山东段地区自西向东5个亚区域（A、B、C、D和E）的16条河道陡峭指数剖面,并利用数理统计学方法对其进行统计分析,揭示该区域的构造活动特征。研究表明,这5个亚区域区内的河道陡峭指数均值分别为70.93、139.03、108.85、134.44和165.39,整体表现出河道陡峭指数从西到东逐渐增大趋势;通过对区内地层、降雨量及河道负载程度、基岩隆升等因素的分析,认为区内河道陡峭指数主要受到基岩隆升影响,而上述其他因素影响有限。各亚区域间河道陡峭指数的变化反映了区域内隆升活动性的差异性：阿尔金山东段隆升活动性整体为北高南低、东高西低特征,山脉北部主要承接来自青藏高原内部挤压应力,而东西方向上存在阿尔金构造带与祁连构造带衔接部位,断层性质由近东西向水平走滑逐渐转换为北东向的挤压逆冲,存在明显应力调整与转换。

     

祁连山北部基岩河道宽度对构造和岩性的响应

活动造山带基岩河流地貌研究,目前已成为构造地貌学研究的前沿和热点。河道宽度形态的调整变化是基岩河流响应构造、岩性和气候等扰动的重要方式之一。通过研究祁连山北部地区6个重点流域基岩河道的宽度形态发现：河道宽度总体上呈现出东西向和南北向的变化特征,河道向下游增宽的速率,东段地区显著高于中段地区,低山带显著高于高山带;对比河道宽度的变化特征与构造抬升速率及岩性抗蚀性的变化,可以推断：在祁连山北部地区,基岩河道宽度响应构造抬升和岩性抗蚀性的变化进行了系统地调整,构造抬升控制了流域河道宽度变化的总体趋势,而岩性抗蚀性变化则导致了流域内部局部河段河道宽度的大幅波动。在祁连山北部地区开展的基岩河道宽度形态研究,为利用基岩河道形态研究造山带的构造变形奠定了基础,对于探索构造抬升背景下地貌的发育过程具有十分重要的意义。

     

Distributed estimation and analysis of precipitation recharge coefficient in strongly-exploited Beijing plain area,China

The precipitation recharge coefficient(PRC), representing the amount of groundwater recharge from precipitation, is an important parameter for groundwater resources evaluation and numerical simulation. It was usually obtained from empirical knowledge and site experiments in the 1980 s. However, the environmental settings have been greatly modified from that time due to land use change and groundwater over-pumping, especially in the Beijing plain area(BPA). This paper aims to estimate and analyze PRC of BPA with the distributed hydrological model and GIS for the year 2011 with similar annual precipitation as long-term mean. It is found that the recharge from vertical(precipitation + irrigation) and precipitation is 291.0 mm/yr and 233.7 mm/yr, respectively, which accounts for 38.6% and 36.6% of corresponding input water. The regional mean PRC is 0.366, which is a little different from the traditional map. However, it has a spatial variation ranging from –7.0% to 17.5% for various sub-regions. Since the vadose zone is now much thicker than the evaporation extinction depth, the land cover is regarded as the major dynamic factor that causes the variation of PRC in this area due to the difference of evapotranspiration rates. It is suggested that the negative impact of reforestation on groundwater quantity within BPA should be well investigated, because the PRC beneath forestland is the smallest among all land cover types.     

Modulation by biogenic amines for the hemocyte count and prophenoloxidase exocytosis via receptors in Litopenaeus vannamei

Hemocyte counts and phenoloxidase(PO)activity were examined after hemolymph being incubated in dopamine(DA),noradrenaline(NE)and serotonin(5-HT).Results showed that all the three biogenic amines(BAs)had a significant impact on total hemocyte count(THC),differential hemocyte count(DHC),and intracelluar and extracelluar phenoloxidase(PO)activity.Among these Bas,DA had the strongest effect on the above parameters,whereas 5-HT had the least effect.Preincubation with D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390,D2 receptor antagonist Sulpiride and 1:1 admixture of the two could significantly inhibit the effect of DA on these parameters.SCH23390 showed a stronger inhibitory effect than Sulpiride,and the admixture exhibited the strongest effect.These results suggested that the change of hemocyte count and activation of prophenoloxidase(proPO)system in Litopenaeusvan-namei hemocyte can be regulated by BAs,and DA modulates the two parameters via its receptors.     

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水库重力测量检测非牛顿引力的实验数据分析新方法

本文提出水库重力测量检测非牛顿引力的实验数据分析新方法。利用近一天两重力仪的重力差值信号,基于同液面高度变化水体重力信号相等这一具有明显物理意义的准则,建立仪器零漂信号多项式系数矢量的矩阵方程,通过极大似然反演比较严格地计算漂移信号,并从中提取检测信号。实例计算结果表明:(1)当数据充分、漂移多项式阶数取值适当时,该方法完全有效;(2)在现有水库实验的设备和技术条件下,测定万有引力常数G对实验室值的偏离精度可达0.15％,优于矿井实验和先前水库实验的分析结果;若进一步改善水面高度测量,检测精度还可明显提高;(3)Hornberg水库实验重力仪G709在0.4％的精度范围内,未发现G对实验室值的偏离。