多级次地下水流系统的最小能耗率原理初探

20世纪60年代初期,Tóth基于定水头上边界条件推导出解析解,得出多级次地下水流系统,是水文地质学里程碑式的突破,成功地解决了一系列理论和实际问题。但Tóth解析解存在的缺陷也长期沿袭：单纯重视数学模拟而忽视物理机制;将地形控制地下水位看成是普适性规律;忽视给定水头上边界数学模拟的失真。这些缺陷,尤其是忽视物理机制探究,不仅妨碍Tóth理论自身发展,而且导致地下水流系统理论尚未被国际水文地质界普遍接受。参照河流动力学中应用的最小能耗率原理,类比提出地下水流最小能耗率的表达式。基于已有的通量上边界地下水流模式数值模拟结果,进一步探究物理机制,归纳得出地下水流系统遵循最小能耗率原理的结论。     

波浪场中污染物混合系数的实验研究

海岸区域的波浪引起的污染物的输移扩散存在不同于水流的情况特征.通过物理模型实验研究了不破碎波浪和破碎波浪中污染物输移扩散的混合系数,提出了确定混合系数的方法,给出了不破碎波浪和破碎波浪两种情况下混合系数经验公式,并与他人的结果进行了对比,结果吻合.     

秋季南黄海网采浮游生物的生物量谱

对2006年9月南黄海浮游生物网(孔径为70,160,505μm)采集样品内的浮游生物个体大小的粒径分布进行研究,确定各粒级大小的功能群组成,建立2006年秋季调查水域网采浮游生物的生物量谱,比较分析三个特征水域(黄海近岸、黄海中部及黄海和东海交汇区)的浮游生物生物量谱特征参数的异质性。结果表明:三种网采浮游生物粒级范围主要包括100 pg/个~70 ng/个的浮游植物和70 ng/个~62 mg/个的浮游动物。Sheldon型生物量谱为近似连续的波动曲线,标准型生物量谱为线型。总测区的标准生物量谱斜率和截距为-0.74和18.64,各个特征水域,黄海中部为-0.67和15.60、黄海近岸为-0.64和14.34、黄海、东海交汇区为-0.73和18.03。浮游动物种类多样性对标准生物量谱的特征参数具有较显著的影响。     

金沙江白鹤滩水电站坝址区断层变形特点及成因分析

拟建中的白鹤滩水电站坝基将建在二叠系峨眉山组玄武岩层之上.坝址区发育有位移量较小的NW300°、NW320°、NE40°和近SN向4组断层,其中NW300°断层最为发育.在野外详细调查的基础上,室内的显微构造研究和电子自旋共振(简称ESR)测年结果表明,坝址区内的断层是在燕山期晚期近东西向挤压应力场作用下形成,后期又受到了近南北向挤压应力场的改造.断层破碎带以发育典型碎裂-角砾岩等浅层脆性构造岩为特点,近期活动不明显.     

有限元软件与通用图形软件间无缝连接的研究

采用面向对象技术,结合已开发的自适应有限元软件AFEAS,探索并实现了它和AutoCAD软件图形的无缝连接,并给出了一个简单的滑坡示例,验证了该方法的可行性和优点。     

高速公路中红砂岩滑坡特征及整治

高速公路中红砂岩切方边坡失稳普遍存在。通过对两条高速公路边坡的调查研究和整治设计可以看出,边坡失稳主要与砂岩层面顺坡向、风化及节理发育程度有关外,还与地表形态、地表水下渗条件等密切有关。分析这些因素,为以后类似边坡工程积累经验,减少边坡开挖造成滑坡,对从事类似工程的设计施工,监理人员有参考作用。     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

内蒙古商都地区CO2气藏地质条件研究

本文以商都盆地第三系CO2气成藏条件研究为目的，通过对区域构造（断裂、火山活动、岩浆作用）和地层特征及沉积相研究，结合地震勘探成果、CO2碳同位素、氦同位素分析成果，系统探讨了商都盆地CO2气源、运移通道、储集条件、圈闭及盖层条件，并对CO2气成藏模式进行了分析。认为：该区CO2气为幔源成因气，通过包兰哈达－高勿素深断裂运移到第三系储集层中富集成藏。第三系河流或冲积扇沉积的粗碎屑岩广泛分布，而且厚度较大，成岩程度低，具有良好的储集条件。新第三纪晚期的湖泛沉积，形成了巨厚的泥页岩盖层。沉积期后的差异压实作用、断裂、火山及岩浆活动等多因素作用，使这一地区局部构造发育，形成岩性－构造圈闭或构造性圈闭，有利于CO2气成藏。     

Magnetic susceptibility of ultrahigh pressure eclogite: The role of retrogression

Retrograde metamorphism played the dominant role in changing the low-field rock magnetic properties and density of 198 specimens of variably retrograded eclogites from the main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) and from surface outcrops in the Donghai area in the southern part of the Sulu UHP belt, China. Bulk magnetic susceptibility (κ) of unretrogressed UHP eclogite is controlled by whole-rock chemical composition and ranges from 397 to 2312 μSI with principal magnetic susceptibility carrying minerals paramagnetic garnet, omphacite, rutile and phengite. Partially retrograded eclogites show large variations in magnetic susceptibility between 804 and 24,277 μSI, with high mean magnetic susceptibility values of 4372 ± 4149 μSI caused by appreciable amounts of Fe-Ti oxide minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite and/or titanohematite produced by retrograde metamorphic reactions. Completely retrograded eclogites have lower susceptibilities of 1094 ± 600 μSI and amphibolite facies mineral assemblages lacking high magnetic susceptibility minerals. Jelínek's corrected anisotropy (P_j) of eclogites ranges from 1.001 to 1.540, and shows a positive correlation with low-field magnetic susceptibility (κ). Arithmetic mean bulk density (ρ) shows a steady decrease from 3.54 ± 0.11 g/cm³ (fresh eclogite) to 2.98 ± 0.06 g/cm³ (completely retrograded eclogite). Retrograde metamorphic changes in mineral composition during exhumation appear to be the major factor causing variations in low field magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy. Retrograde processes must be taken into account when interpreting magnetic surveys and geophysical well logs in UHP metamorphic terranes, and petrophysical properties such as density and low-field magnetic susceptibility could provide a means for semi-quantifying the degree of retrogression of eclogite during exhumation.     

青海省都兰县果洛龙洼金矿成矿流体

果洛龙洼金矿是青海东昆仑地区最典型、最具规模的金矿床之一。在前人资料基础上,将果洛龙洼金矿热液成矿期划分为4个成矿阶段：贫矿化石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（主要成矿阶段）、石英-贫硫化物阶段（次要成矿阶段）和石英-碳酸盐阶段。随后对主要和次要成矿阶段石英脉开展流体包裹体显微测温和H-O同位素研究。结果表明：原生流体包裹体主要包括气液两相、富CO₂三相、纯CO₂两相共3类;成矿流体总体以CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系为主,均一温度为130.0~357.3 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.83%~20.11%。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为14.8‰~17.2‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为5.5‰~8.5‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-61‰~-96‰;而石英-贫硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为15.7‰~16.9‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为4.1‰~5.3‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-84‰~-101‰。由此认为：主要成矿阶段成矿流体可能为高温低盐度富CO₂变质热液和低温中高盐度岩浆热液两个端元组成的混合流体;次要成矿阶段成矿流体主要为混合后更均匀的中低温中低盐度热液,但后期明显有大气降水混入。总之,成矿流体的来源、性质及其演化等方面的研究结果进一步证明果洛龙洼金矿为造山型金矿。