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991.
992.
Element mobility during pyrite weathering: implications for acid and heavy metal pollution at mining-impacted sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Long Lu Rucheng Wang Fanrong Chen Jiyue Xue Peihua Zhang Jianjun Lu 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(1):82-89
Based on back scattered electron images and electron micro-probe analysis results, four alteration layers, including a transition layer, a reticulated ferric oxide layer, a nubby ferric oxide layer and a cellular ferric oxide layer, were identified in the naturally weathering products of pyrite. These layers represent a progressive alteration sequence of pyrite under weathering conditions. The cellular ferric oxide layer correlates with the strongest weathering phase and results from the dissolution of nubby ferric oxide by acidic porewater. Leaching coefficient was introduced to better express the response of element mobility to the degree of pyrite weathering. Its variation shows that the mobility of S, Co and Bi is stronger than As, Cu and Zn. Sulfur in pyrite is oxidized to sulfuric acid and sulfate that are basically released into to porewater, and heavy metals Co and Bi are evidently released by acid dissolution. As, Cu and Zn are enriched in ferric oxide by adsorption and by co-precipitation, but they would re-release to the environment via desorption or dissolution when porewater pH becomes low enough. Consequently, Co, Bi, As, Cu and Zn may pose a substantial impact on water quality. Considering that metal mobility and its concentration in mine waste are two important factors influencing heavy metal pollution at mining-impacted sites, Bi and Co are more important pollutants in this case. 相似文献
993.
In the southwest of China, one of the greatest threats to local ecosystem is the area expansion of an invasive species, i.e.,
Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng (EAS). In this study, the remote-sensing technology was used to detect and map the spatial distribution
of EAS in Guizhou Province, China. A series of vegetation indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),
simple ratio index (SRI) and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), were used to identify EAS from HJ-A Chninese
satellite data. According to the analysis results of fieldworks from March 21 to 22, 2009, it was found that the vegetation
index of {1.9589 ≤ SRI ≤ 4.1095}∩{0.2359 ≤ ARVI ≤ 0.5193} was the optimal remote-sensing parameter for identifying EAS from
HJ-A data. According to the spatial distribution of EAS estimated from HJ-A data, it was found that EAS was rather more in
southwest of Guizhou Province than in northeast. EAS became sparse from southwest to northeast gradually, and the central
Guizhou Province was the ecological corridor linking EAS in southwest to that in northeast. By comparison with validated data
collected by the government of Guizhou Province, it was found that the uncertainty of remote-sensing method was 18.52%, 29.31%,
8.77% and 9.46% in grassland, forest, farmland and others respectively, and the mean uncertainty was 13.29%. Owing to the
lower height of EAS than many plants in forest, the uncertainty of EAS was the greatest in forest than that in grassland,
farmland and so on. 相似文献
994.
995.
陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区农户气候变化的适应行为及影响因素分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从农户个体微观视角,研究农业的活动主体--农户的气候变化适应行为。选择陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区,采用问卷调查和半结构式访谈相结合的方法研究农户气候变化感知与适应行为,运用二元逻辑回归模型分析影响该地区农户适应行为的因素。结果表明:农户对气候变化趋势感知比较一致,认为近5 年夏季和冬季气温升高,降水减少,但与实际观测存在一定偏差。农户应对气候变化采取适应行为的比重并不高,只有57.8% 的农户表示采取了相应的措施来应对气候变化。农户适应行为受气候变化感知的影响,此外,家庭社会经济属性对农户采取适应行为的概率影响显著,而性别、年龄、文化程度等人口属性因素与农户采取适应行为的概率关系不大。 相似文献
996.
从美国发射其第一颗遥感卫星一陆地卫星-1算起的30余年里,世界范围内商业遥感卫星技术已经有了巨大的进步,越来越多的国家和国际团体拥有自己的遥感卫星。除了更多各类的遥感器得以使用外,卫星的图像分辨率和覆盖能力也有了很大的改进。未来的发展更加令人振奋。国外遥感卫星(包括已经发射和计划要发射的卫星)简介是根据从国内外出版物中获得的信息整编而成,旨在给遥感应用提供一个现在和未来图像信息源的总的概念。 相似文献
997.
998.
T.-C. Chen E. M. Matira M.-C. Lu M. L. P. Dalida 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(4):1017-1028
In this study, fluidized-bed Fenton process (FBF) was used to degrade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), one of the most widely used solvents. Oxidation by Fenton’s reagent, Fe+2 and H2O2, is one of the cheapest advanced oxidation processes due to the high availability of the reagents. FBF is a modified approach that reduces the large amount of iron oxide sludge formed in conventional Fenton process. The optimal treatment efficiencies by FBF with 2 h of reaction were 95.22 % of DMSO degradation and 34.38 % of COD removal at the conditions of 5 mM DMSO, 68.97 g/L SiO2 carrier, pHinitial 3.0, 5 mM Fe2+, and 32.5 mM H2O2. The kinetic study was also done to investigate the two stages involved in the oxidation. The first stage fitted the zero reaction order with overall initial rate’s apparent rate constant, k 1, of ?0.099. The second stage fitted the first order of DMSO degradation, with rate constant, k 2, of ?0.0005. 相似文献
999.
80年代以来,广西小平阳岩溶区出现了大量的地裂缝。通过调查研究.这些地裂缝的形成是受多种因素控制的.其中包括构造、土体性质、水的作用、地形地貌、气候及植被等因素。在上述因素中.构造是主导因素,上体性质是基础因素.其它则为诱发因素,也是因地质环境要素变化所引起的因素。主导因素是通过诱发因素起作用的.并最终通过土体性质因素导致产土地裂缝。 相似文献
1000.