地球内部水与无机成烃

地球内部水是广泛存在的,由于高温高压作用使其具有独特的物理和化学性质,它对于烃类物质生成和运移都具有重要的意义。在地球内部,水与无机矿物作用产生H2或者O2,对C-O-H流体平衡存在影响,这是烃类物质形成和稳定的重要因素。地球内部高温高压水热流体一方面为有机反应提供高效的介质,另一方面它直接作为反应物与碳酸盐和金属碳化物反应生成烃类物质。对于地球早期有机物形成和水热条件下有机物的主要合成反应——费托反应,其重要的成烃物质H2主要由水与矿物作用产生,这是目前较为认同的地球内部无机成烃的重要方式。     

论金矿床成矿年代的研究——以丹东地区成岩成矿Rb—Sr、U—Pb同位素年代为例

丹东地区是中国重要的金矿集中区,到目前为止还没有较准确的成岩成矿年代数据报道.本文采用Rb-8r等时线法和单颗粒锆石U-Pb法分别测出了丹东三股流花岗岩成岩年龄为131±5 Ma和129±3 Ma,因此三股流花岗岩综合同位素年龄定为130 Ma.五龙金矿主成矿阶段石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为120±3 Ma.这一组年龄数据理顺了该地区构造-岩浆-成矿的时序关系,对中国东部金矿成矿对比研究提供了有效的年龄数据.8r、Nd同位素的示踪结果表明三股流花岗岩的成岩物质与下地壳物质有关.三股流花岗岩和矿体(含金石英脉)相似的Sr同位素初始比值,说明成矿和成岩物质可能来自深部同一岩浆源区.     

高温高压下斜长岩纵波速度与电导率实验研究

在1.0 Pa、室温到880℃分别采用超声波透射法和阻抗谱法测量了斜长岩的纵波速度和电导率，并对实验产物进行了鉴定分析．结果表明，在680℃，由于斜长岩中的含水矿物绢云母和黝帘石发生脱水反应，岩石的纵波速度开始大幅度下降．在410℃～750℃、12～105 Hz的频率范围内，斜长岩只出现颗粒内部传导．由于脱水产生的自由水主要分布于矿物的三联点或颗粒拐角处，没有形成连通的高导性网络，因此，脱水作用不会导致斜长岩电导率显著增加，也不会改变其电传导机制．地球内部低速层和高导层的形成与演化可能具有非同步性，通过含水矿物脱水可以形成地球内部的低速层，但不一定同时形成高导层．      

Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Kunlun Mountains: Evidence for Plate Tectonic Evolution

Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks occurring in the north of the western Kunlun Mountains can be divided into two groups. The first group (north belt) is an reversely-evolved bimodal series. Petrochemistry shows that the alkalinity of the rocks decreases from early to late: alkaline→calc-alkaline→tholeiite, and geochemistry proves that the volcanic rocks were formed in rifting tectonic systems. The sedimentary facies shows characteristics of back-arc basins. The second (south belt) group, which occurs to the south of Yutian-Minfeng-Cele, is composed of calc-alkaline island arc (basaltic) andesite and minor rhyolite. The space distribution, age and geochemistry of the two volcanite groups indicate that they were formed in a back-arc basin (the first group) and an island arc (the second group) respectively and indicate the plate evolution during the Mesoproterozoic. The orogeny took place at -1.05 Ga, which was coeval with the Grenville orogeny. This study has provided important geological data for explorin     

Cenozoic Adakite-type Volcanic Rocks in Qiangtang, Tibet and Its Significance

Volcanic rocks in the study area, including dacite, trachyandesite and mugearite, belong to the intermediate-acid, high-K calc-alkaline series, and possess the characteristics of adakite. The geochemistry of the rocks shows that the rocks are characterized by SiO2>59%, enrichment in A12O3(15.09-15.64%) and Na2O (>3.6%), high Sr (649-885 μg/g) and Sc, low Y contents (<17 μg/g), depletion in HREE (Yb<1.22 μg/g), (La/Yb)N>25, Sr/Y>40, MgO<3% (Mg<0.35), weak Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu=0.84-0.94), and lack of the high field strength elements (HFSE) (Nb, Ta, Ti, etc.). The Nd and Sr isotope data (87Sr/86Sr=0.7062-0.7079, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51166-0.51253, εNd= -18.61-0.02), show that the magma resulted from partial melting (10%-40%) of newly underplated basaltic lower crust under high pressure (1-4 GPa), and the petrogenesis is obviously affected by the crust's assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC). This research will give an insight into the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan plateau.     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区早寒武世硅质岩地球化学特征及其意义

新疆库鲁克塔格地区寒武系底部硅质岩发育,主要分布于西山布拉克组和西大山组中,厚度达到120m,发育有火山岩-硅质岩,硅质岩夹黑色页岩组合。通过对兴地大坂穷木库杜克剖面硅质岩的系统地球化学研究,硅质岩常量元素Al、Fe、Mn在Al-Fe-Mn三元图上投影落入热水沉积域中。西山布拉克组底部硅质岩富集As、Sb、Sr、Ba、U元素,Th/U值偏低,为0.758,往上逐渐增大,到西大山组硅质岩Th/U值达到8.448。寒武系底部西山布拉克组底部硅质岩具有稀土总量∑REE显著偏低(小于10×10-6)、LREE/HREE值偏低、Ce负异常显著、低的Ce/Ce值(小于0.8)、(La/Ce)N值(1.0~2.89)、Eu/Eu值(≥1)较大、(La/Lu)N值(3.63~6.98)较小等特征,说明有强烈的热水沉积作用。往上到西大山组硅质岩则具有稀土总量∑REE较高(大于10×10-6)、LREE/HREE值较高、Ce负异常明显、Ce/Ce值较大(0.8~1.29)、(La/Ce)N值变化不明显、Eu/Eu值较低(0.5~0.8)、(La/Lu)N值大(平均大于10)等特征,说明热水沉积作用减弱,但仍属热水沉积特征。硅质岩δ30Si和δ18O同位素分析表明,西山布拉克组和西大山组硅质岩为典型的热水成因硅质岩。硅质岩氧同位素测温表明,从下往上热水沉积硅质岩形成温度降低。西大山组底部硅质岩形成温度较高,达到80℃以上,随后温度逐渐降低,西大山组硅质岩形成的温度为69℃左右。新疆库鲁克塔格地区寒武系底部硅质岩地球化学特征表明,在早寒武世早期库鲁克塔格地区地壳发生强烈的拉张裂解作用,这种拉张裂解作用形成火山岩和硅质岩、硅质岩和黑色页岩组合,它们为早寒武世早期Rodinia大陆发生快速裂解作用提供了岩石学和地球化学证据。     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower-Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province,China

The demarcation of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research.Lower-Middle Triassic strata of different types,from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China.This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage.Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city,Guizhou province,six conodont zones have been recognized,which ca...     

能源补贴政策及其改革——为减排提供经济激励

The subsidy, as a measure, is widely applied by governments at all levels around the world as a way of policy interventions. However, there are two completely opposite opinions of subsidies on energy and environmental protection. The only reason for subsidy in existence is the internalization of external benefit. The paper firstly examines the energy subsidy policies relevant to climate change mitigation in China and their effectiveness, then points out the deficiency existing in energy conservation policies and renewable energy development policies, and finally suggests that China should exert positive role of subsidy policies and reduce negative effects in promoting climate change mitigation.     

节能减排与中国经济的低碳发展

自1978年实行改革开放以来,中国走的是一条赶超型或压缩型的工业化道路。伴随着经济的高速增长,发达国家上百年工业化过程中分阶段出现的种种资源和环境问题在中国集中显现。面对资源短缺、环境污染和气候变化对经济增长的瓶颈性约束,国家在"十一五"规划纲要中提出了节能减排的具体目标。文章概述了"十一五"规划提出节能减排目标的背景,分析了其对控制温室气体排放的重要意义,总结了目前节能减排工作取得的成绩和存在的困难,提出了中国发展低碳经济的政策建议。     

大别山高压变质杂岩中的硬玉

本文描述了在大别山高压变质杂岩中新近发现的石榴硬玉石英岩的岩石学物质特征。对高压指示性矿物硬玉的物理性质、光学性质、化学成分及结构进行了精确测定和研究。认为石榴硬玉石英岩与柯石英榴辉岩形成于同一高温超高压物理化学条件，硬玉的出现主要受控于原岩特定的化学成分。