弹性波正演模拟中PML吸收边界条件的改进

在弹性波有限差分正演模拟中, 完全匹配层(PML) 吸收边界条件是使用广泛、吸收效果最好的吸收边界条件.在目前的两种PML实现方法中, 分裂形式的完全匹配层(SPML) 方法计算存储量大、编程实现复杂; 非分裂形式的完全匹配层(NPML) 方法计算效率低、计算过程复杂.针对传统PML吸收边界条件在实现过程中存在的问题, 推导出了一种简洁有效的非卷积实现的NPML吸收边界条件, 既不需要对场分量进行分裂, 也不需要做复杂的卷积运算.分析结果表明, 本文实现的NPML吸收边界条件不仅具有良好的吸收衰减性能, 而且计算方程简单, 编程实现容易, 占有内存更小.      

上海地面沉降与城市防汛安全

文章根据上海黄浦江最高潮位与地面沉降的历年变化发展情况,结合城市防汛工程的沉降现状,分析了地面沉降对上海城市防汛安全的影响。指出地面沉降的长期危害是影响上海城市防汛安全的重要因素,地面沉降的监测与防治是城市安全设防的重要内容。     

藏北羌塘中部果干加年山早古生代堆晶辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄——兼论原-古特提斯洋的演化

位于羌塘中部龙木错-双湖缝合带中的果干加年山早古生代堆晶岩,主要由辉石橄榄岩、堆晶辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩、斜长岩等岩石类型组成.对堆晶辉长岩中锆石的矿物学与年代学研究表明.堆晶辉长岩中发育3种内部结构特征的锆石晶体,锆石Th、U含量和Th/U值揭示了同一岩浆系统中结晶形成的岩浆锆石.获得堆晶辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb谐和年龄461Ma±7Ma(MSWD=1.3)、431.7Ma±6.9Ma(MSWD=0.54),分别代表了青藏高原中部地区原一古特提斯洋扩张过程中早期(中奥陶世Darriwilian阶晚期)、晚期(早志留世Telychian阶中期)的岩浆作用事件.果干加年山早古生代堆晶岩具有MORB.的特征,代表了龙木错-双湖缝合带中残存的早古生代蛇绿岩,也是青藏高原中南部地区目前为止认知时代最早的原一古特提斯洋壳的残迹.羌塘中部早古生代蛇绿岩的确定及其年代学的约束,使得龙木错-双湖特提斯洋盆的形成时代至少可以追溯到中奥陶世-早志留世,并推论龙木错-双湖缝合带、南羌塘古生代增生楔及其中生代盆地和班公湖-怒江缝合带共同构成了青藏高原特提斯大洋最终消亡的巨型缝合带,晚古生代原-古特提斯洋向南的俯冲消减导致了冈底斯带石炭纪-二叠纪岛孤型火山岩、二叠纪花岗闪长岩和大洋俯冲型榴辉岩的形成.     

特提斯喜马拉雅带江孜地区古近纪地层源区分析——对造山带早期地壳加厚的制约

特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带江孜地区上古新统-下始新统甲查拉组记录了喜马拉雅碰撞造山带的早期地壳加厚和沉积历史。本文我们报道了甲查拉组详细的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和全岩Sm-Nd同位素数据。甲查拉组由青灰色厚层的岩屑砂岩夹泥岩组成,不整合覆盖在宗卓组之上,碎屑锆石主要的峰值介于350～80 Ma, 900～470 Ma以及1 300～950 Ma,次要的峰值介于2 800～1 500 Ma。全岩⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr介于0.707 505～0.713 174,¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd介于0.512 206～0.512 355,ε_Nd(0)介于-5.52～-8.43。甲查拉组物源区以再循环的日喀则弧前盆地和上三叠统郎杰学群为主,少量物质来自雅鲁藏布江缝合带。上述研究表明,甲查拉组沉积在周缘前陆盆地的背景下,且特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带在始新世期间经历了明显的地壳加厚。     

Distribution of phthalate esters in the groundwater of Jianghan plain, Hubei, China

Samples of groundwater were collected from 17 sites in the Jianghan plain in July 2007. Sixteen phthalate esters (PAEs) were detected in samples collected by using solid-phase extraction (SPE)-gas chromatography (GC). The results show that there were one or several PAEs in all the samples, and the concentrations of total PAEs ranged from 80.12 to 1882.18 ng/L. Four PAEs, i.e. di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), bis (2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (BEEP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP) were the dominant species. Among these, DIBP, DBP and DEHP concentrations were closely related to the water supply from the Yangtze River, Hanjiang River and Honghu Lake. However, the distribution of BEEP was irregular, which may be due to the application of some kind of products containing BEEP in the related areas. PAE distribution was irrelevant to the electrical conductivity and sample depth.     

完整性检测在冲（钻）孔灌注桩的合理应用

通过对3个工程实例的分析,发现在低应变法和声波透射法对冲（钻）孔灌注桩各种缺陷检测中存在不同结果,提出了各种完整性检测的适用范围,使冲（钻）孔灌注桩桩基检测方案和检测工作更加完善、合理。     

依据化探成果对东昆仑地质背景的讨论

在东昆仑地区 6 0 0 0 0多km2 的地域内 ,按照 4km2 的采样单元 ,共采集了 15 0 0 0多件水系沉积物样品。按照 16km2 的网格加工成 4 0 0 0多件组合样后 ,定量分析了 4 0种微量元素的含量。在对这些数据进行数学处理的基础上 ,利用斜交因子的分析结果 ,讨论了东昆仑地区的区域地层、断裂构造和中酸性岩浆岩的特征。根据区域地球化学成果 ,进一步明确了昆中、昆南断裂对本区地层和侵入岩分布的控制作用。基于元素区域地球化学背景的对比 ,提出了昆中断裂应向东延伸的证据 ,并指出了东大滩、布青山两个地区经历了相似的地质 地球化学作用     

库车坳陷下侏罗统沉积特征及砂体展布

库车坳陷位于塔里木盆地北部，北缘是南天山山前断裂带，南缘是塔北隆起，呈NEE向展布，东西长250km，南北宽20－60km，面积约21170km^2。下侏罗统自下而上发育阿合组、阳霞组。对吐格尔明、克孜勒努尔、库车河剖面及依南2井岩芯观察发现，阿合组和阳霞组按其岩性特征均可以划分为5个岩性段，各个岩性段在全具有对比性。还可分出4类和17个亚类岩相。阿合组细砂岩以上的粗碎屑岩含量为80％以上；阳霞组细砂岩以上的碎屑岩含量为50％－60％。砂岩厚度占总地层厚度的50％－60％以上，是油气勘探的重要目的层系。以吐格尔明剖面为代表的依南2井以东地区的阿合组和阳霞组岩矿特征基本相似，以克孜勒努尔地区为代表的依南2井以西地区有较大差异，即阳霞组长石含量几乎为零。两区共同点是以岩屑砂岩为主，成分成熟度低，结构成熟度中等，岩屑含量较高。从岩性组合、沉积构造、微观岩石成分、结构和砂体形态等方面的综合分析认为，辫状三角洲沉积体系是该区阿合组和阳霞组的主要沉积体系。阿合组砂体纵向上以多个辫状三角洲平原上的辫状分流河道砂岩加积复合为主，横向上指状镶嵌叠置呈东西向展布。阳霞组第3岩性段砂体纵向上以多个辫状三角洲前缘上的水下辫状分流河道砂岩加积复合为主，横向上指状镶嵌叠置也呈东西向展布。第2、4、5岩性段砂体以河道滞流砂岩侧砂为主，横向叠瓦状叠置呈东西向展布。     

Impact of phased uplift of Tibetan Plateau on environmental changes since late Middle Pleistocene: Palynological records in the three terraces of Middle Shiquan River

Three fluvial terraces in Porougong River in the middle reach of Shiquan River were identified, and the palynological records were investigated to decipher the paleoenvironmental changes in the west inland of the Tibetan Plateau. Three phases of uplift in the west inland of the Tibetan Plateau are suggested to be associated with the third, second, and first fluvial terraces (T₃, T₂, and T₁) being formed at ca.126-25.1 ka B.P., 25.1-4.5 ka B.P., and 4.5-1.3 ka B.P., respectively. The differentiated uplift rate infers that the inland Tibetan Plateau shows an earlier uplift than the surroundings. Coincident with the phased uplift, three episodes of the changes in paleovegetation and paleoclimate since late Middle Pleistocene could be identified by the spore-pollen records, including the forests under the warm-wet climate featured by the assemblage of Picea + Pinus-Betula-Ulmus-Chenopodiaceae-Epheara in the third terrace, the forest-grassy vegetation under the semi-arid and semi-wet climate as shown by the Picea + Pinus-Chenopodiaceae-Epheara assemblage in the second terrace, and the grassland under the cold-dry climate indicated by the Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Ephedra assemblage in the first terrace. The association of the paleovegetation and paleoclimate changes with the phased uplift of the fluvial terraces has revealed the important impact of the Plateau uplift.     

Lipid distribution in a subtropical southern China stalagmite as a record of soil ecosystem response to paleoclimate change

Lipid extracts from a 61.7-cm-long subtropical stalagmite in southern China, spanning the period of ca. 10,000–21,000 yr ago as constrained by U–Th dating, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The higher plants and microorganisms in the overlying soils contribute a proportion of n-alkanes identified in the stalagmite. The occurrence of LMW (lower molecular weight) n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones in the stalagmite was mainly related to the soil microorganisms. We suggest that HMW (higher molecular weight) n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones identified in the stalagmite originate from soil organics and reflect input from contemporary vegetation. Shifts in the ratio of LMW to HMW n-alkanols or n-alkan-2-ones indicative of the variation of soil ecosystems (e.g., microbial degradation of organic matter and/or the relative abundance of soil microorganisms to higher plants) are comparable with the subtropical alkenone-SST (sea surface temperature) record of the same period. The similar trends seen in the δ¹³C data and the lipid parameters in this stalagmite imply that the overlying soil ecosystem response to climate might be responsible for the variation of δ¹³C values.