The thermal structure of a shallow lake in early winter

The thermal structure of a shallow lake in the first month of its freeze up is shown to vary widely from year to year. The rate of temperature increase at different horizons of the water mass in early winter is evaluated, and warming of shallow and deep-water areas in the lake are shown to be uneven. The distribution of near-bed temperature as a function of water depth in the first weeks of freeze up features wide variations, though this relationship becomes more regular over time. Estimates of the effective thermal diffusivity are given for different seasons. The main periods in the variations in the heat content of water column in early winter are estimated.     

The environmental and biotic impact of the oil spill in Kerch Strait in November 2007

The effect of an emergency oil spill in Kerch Strait in November 2007 on the environment and biota in the southern Sea of Azov is analyzed based on the material of integrated expedition studies carried out by the Southern Scientific Center, RAS, before and after shipwrecks and during monitoring within a year after the emergency.     

Dimorphism in Calceola sandalina (Linneé, 1771)

Based on studying the ontogenetic development of Calceola sandalina in the Early Devonian Yukiang Formation from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China, it is for the first time to issue the evidence indicating the existence of sexual dimorphism in Calceola sandalina. The new discovery will add important data on sexual dimorphism throughout the non-colonial fossil metazoan, and it also may throw lights on studying the taxonomy and phylogeny of Calceola sandalina and its relevant taxa.     

基于车载激光雷达的行道树提取研究

对车载激光雷达点云数据进行研究,提出了一种分层投影的方法提取行道树,该方法对点云数据进行分层投影,利用不同高程点云投影后表现出的不同特征,采用面向对象的方法对行道树进行提取,最后叠加分析得到行道树点云。实验证明,该方法能够比较完整的提取出行道树点云。     

Water Quality Estimation Based on Histological Investigations of Fish: Case Study of Kenozero Lake

Specific hydrological and hydrochemical conditions in Kenozero Lake have led to changes in the morphology of fishes at a cellular level. The abnormalities in the function of the respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems were recorded. The degree of pathology depended on the ecological features of the fish. The pathological changes were most pronounced in the gills of the fish species (orfe, perch, and roach) characterized by active mode of life and sensible to oxygen deficiency. The changes in the epithelium of gill filaments had a compensatory significance and were aimed at increasing the area of the functional surface of the gills under the conditions of hypoxia.     

Zircon trace element characteristics and ages in granulite xenoliths: a key to understanding the age and origin of the lower crust,Arkhangelsk kimberlite province,Russia

Garnet granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk, NW Russia) represent the lower crust beneath Russian platform in close vicinity to the cratonic region of the north-eastern Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield. Many of the xenoliths have experienced strong interaction with the kimberlite host, but in others some primary granulite-facies minerals are preserved. Calculated bulk compositions for the granulites suggest that their protoliths were basic to intermediate igneous rocks; pyroxenites were ultrabasic to basic cumulates. A few samples are probably metasedimentary in origin. Zircons are abundant in the xenoliths; they exhibit complex zoning in cathodoluminescence with relic cores and various metamorphic rims. Cores include oscillatory zircon crystallized in magmatic protoliths, and metamorphic and magmatic sector-zoned zircons. Recrystallization of older zircons led to the formation of bright homogeneous rims. In some samples, homogeneous shells are surrounded by darker convoluted overgrowths that were formed by subsolidus growth when a change in mineral association occurred. The source of Zr was a phase consumed during a reaction, which produced garnet. Late-generation zircons in all xenoliths show concordant U–Pb ages of 1.81–1.84 Ga (1,826 ± 11 Ma), interpreted as the age of last granulite-facies metamorphism. This event completely resets most zircon cores. An earlier metamorphic event at 1.96–1.94 Ga is recorded by some rare cores, and a few magmatic oscillatory zircons have retained a Neoarchaean age of 2,719 ± 14 Ma. The assemblage of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks was probably formed before the event at 1.96 Ga. Inherited magmatic zircons indicate the existence of continental crust by the time of intrusion of magmatic protoliths in the Late Archaean. The U–Pb zircon ages correspond to major events recorded in upper crustal rocks of the region: collisional metamorphism and magmatism 2.7 Ga ago and reworking of Archaean rocks at around 1.95–1.75 Ga. However, formation of the granulitic paragenesis in lower crustal rocks occurred significantly later than the last granulite-facies event seen in the upper crust and correlates instead with retrograde metamorphism and small-volume magmatism in the upper crust.