Recent improvements to the physical model of the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceano-graphy Forecasting System

In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the marine forecasting capacity, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (BYEOFS) has been upgraded and improved to Version 2.0. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a series of comparative experiments were conducted during the improvement process, including correcting topography, changing sea surface atmospheric forcing mode, adjusting open boundary conditions, and considering atmospheric pressure correction. (1) After the topography correction, the volume transport and meridional velocity maximum of Yellow Sea Warm Current increase obviously and the unreasonable bending of its axis around 36.1°N, 123.5°E disappears. (2) After the change of sea surface forcing mode, an effective negative feedback mechanism is formed between predicted sea surface temperature (SST) by the ocean model and sea surface radiation fluxes fields. The simulation errors of SST decreased significantly, and the annual average of root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreased by about 18％. (3) The change of the eastern lateral boundary condition of baroclinic velocity from mixed Radiation-Nudging to Clamped makes the unreasonable westward current in Tsushima Strait disappear. (4) The adding of mean sea level pressure correction option which forms the mean sea level gradient from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the western Pacific in winter and autumn is helpful to increasing the fluctuation of SLA and outflow of the Yellow Sea when the cold high air pressure system controls the Yellow Sea area.     

Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation and chemical characterization of sewage treated using activated sludge and a floating emergent-macrophyte filter in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: a case study in Southern Brazil

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical parameters and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of raw domestic sewage and effluents from treatment with activated sludge and a floating emergent-macrophyte filter from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The physicochemical analysis revealed that both treatment systems achieved the legal emission pattern for biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids, but ammoniacal nitrogen and E. coli values were above the limits in the macrophyte treatment effluent. Phosphorous values were above the maximum permitted for both treatments. The results obtained from the Allium cepa test and the micronuclei test in fish did not demonstrate any significant differences in both cytotoxicity (mitotic index) and genotoxicity (chromosome aberration and micronucleus) endpoints between the negative control group and the exposed groups. However, the comet assay in fish revealed a DNA damage increase in animals exposed to the 30 % concentration of the macrophyte effluent and two concentrations of the activated sludge treatment effluent (10 and 75 %), which suggests that these two treatment systems may increase wastewater genotoxicity.     

纵、横波联合反演方法在海拉尔盆地贝39井区的应用

海拉尔贝39井区构造复杂,砂体边界识别难,常规纵波地震解释存在多解性,引入转换波信息可增加地震解释的可靠性.由测井曲线的岩石物理分析可知,在纵波阻抗-速度比双弹性空间可识别砂泥岩.本文根据海拉尔地区测井资料的特点,利用拟合方法重构横波测井曲线;基于海拉尔贝39井区三维三分量地震数据,采用放大比例尺层拉平的精细层位解释及纵波降颊和转换波提频相结合的方法进行精细层位匹配,在此基础上,由纵、横波联合反演求出速度比属性,定性描述了储层的平面分布,与贝39井钻遇油层特征相符,解决了该地区的油水分布问题.应用属性切片技术得到油层组的砂体平面展布,砂体的展布特征与区域地质认识的物源沉积方向具有较好的吻合程度,并对贝39并区的油藏类型进行了重新认识.     

Interannual salinity variability of the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass

This paper discusses the interannual variability of the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(NYSCWM) and the factors that influence it,based on survey data from the 1976–2006 national standard section and the Korea Oceanographic Data Center,monthly E-P flux data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,and meridional wind speed data from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. The results show that:1) the mean salinity of the NYSCWM center has a slightly decreasing trend,which is not consistent with the high salinity center; 2) both the southern salinity front and the halocline of the NYSCWM display a weakening trend,which indicates that the difference between the NYSCWM and coastal water decreases; 3) the Yellow Sea Warm Current intrusion,the E-P flux of the northern Yellow Sea,and the strength of the winter monsoon will affect the NYSCWM salinity during the following summer.     

海洋浅表层天然气水合物成藏特征

按照天然气水合物形成的气体疏导方式划分,渗漏系统是海洋浅表层天然气水合物藏形成的主要模式。关键成藏要素包括温压场、气源等,温压场主要控制天然气水合物成藏的平面分布和纵向分布;海底热流低值区有利于形成天然气水合物,但在海底热流超高的海域,只要有充足的气源供给,在高甲烷通量区深海浅表层也可以形成天然气水合物藏,而且往往与泥火山、气烟囱等特殊地质体伴生,形成致密的数米厚层状天然气水合物藏。浅表层天然气水合物藏气源主要是有机热解成因气,一般其深部均发育有成熟的含油气盆地,有烃源层广泛分布,并且干酪根发生过明确的生烃过程,形成的热解甲烷气通过断层、气烟囱等破碎带垂向运移通道渗漏上升,在温压场控制的相平衡区形成天然气水合物藏,因此,海底热流值较高的海盆也是浅表层天然气水合物藏形成的有利海域。     

Variability in Solomon Sea circulation derived from altimeter sea level data

The Solomon Sea is a key region in the Pacific Ocean where equatorial and subtropical circulations are connected. The region exhibits the highest levels in sea level variability in the entire south tropical Pacific Ocean. Altimeter data was utilized to explore sea level and western boundary currents in this poorly understood portion of the ocean. Since the geography of the region is extremely intricate, with numerous islands and complex bathymetry, specifically reprocessed along-track data in addition to standard gridded data were utilized in this study. Sea level anomalies (SLA) in the Solomon Sea principally evolve at seasonal and interannual time scales. The annual cycle is phased by Rossby waves arriving in the Solomon Strait, whereas the interannual signature corresponds to the basin-scale ENSO mode. The highest SLA variability are concentrated in the eastern Solomon Sea, particularly at the mouth of the Solomon Strait, where they are associated with a high eddy kinetic energy signal that was particularly active during the phase transition during the 1997–1998 ENSO event. Track data appear especially helpful for documenting the fine structure of surface coastal currents. The annual variability of the boundary currents that emerged from altimetry compared quite well with the variability seen at the thermocline level, as based on numerical simulations. At interannual time scales, western boundary current transport anomalies counterbalance changes in western equatorial Pacific warm water volume, confirming the phasing of South Pacific western boundary currents to ENSO. Altimetry appears to be a valuable source of information for variability in low latitude western boundary currents and their associated transport in the South Pacific.     

面向网格环境的Java跨平台GIS系统原型实现的关键技术

针对传统地理信息系统在空间数据处理中无法有效进行数据访问与集成的问题,提出了面向网格计算环境下空间数据访问与集成的地理信息系统体系架构,并给出了面向网格环境的Java跨平台GIS系统原型的设计方案,以及地理信息网格服务化提升的关键技术。进一步整合Java拓扑模型、Eclipse富客户端平台与面向海量数据访问的数据网格组件,以标准规范的开发流程,给出构建面向网格环境具备可拓展结构的跨平台地理信息系统原型的实现过程。     

基于北斗一号的地质灾害自动监测系统

由于地面无线通信网络无法实现无缝覆盖,存在通信盲区,容易遭受地质灾害等外界因素的破坏与影响,基于地面无线通信的地质灾害监测系统在上述条件下将无法正常运行。提出基于北斗卫星系统的地质灾害监测系统,并针对常见的滑坡、地面沉降等地质灾害设计并建立包含北京、上海、三峡库区、江苏、河北等13个地区的基于北斗一号卫星的地质灾害监测系统。首先介绍北斗卫星通信的流程及其特点,阐述系统架构,分析关键技术及其应用情况,最后给出对该系统的综合评价结果。     

北京大兴区村庄变迁研究

村庄的发展变迁承载着重要的社会、历史与文化信息,印证着社会发展的脉落,记录着历史的发展足迹,承载着丰厚的历史文化底蕴,是区域文化的重要组成部分,具有不可替代性,值得传承与保留。     

滦河三角洲及其周边海岸土地利用/覆被变化的遥感研究

基于1987年和2000年LandSat卫星影像的分类结果,结合常规调查资料,得到了滦河三角洲及其邻近海岸地带近13年来土地利用/土地覆被变化的动态信息。通过对地类变化的细致分析,得出本区研究时段内自然与人类活动情况的地面指示。