松辽盆地齐家和古龙凹陷页岩油含油性参数优选与资源量计算

松辽盆地齐家和古龙凹陷青山口组一段页岩油资源丰富.以往主要基于不完整的老岩心资料,以校正后的热解S1或氯仿沥青"A"作为含油性参数计算页岩油资源量,校正参数的准确性受样品新鲜程度、测试手段及校正方法等多种因素影响,导致上述参数的应用存在一定的局限性.根据最新页岩油勘探进展,对比分析了页岩油资源量计算的含油性参数(包括热...     

三门湾海岸带第四系地下水资源

利用三门湾海岸带最近施工完成的水文地质孔、工程地质孔和地下水碳（¹⁴C）测年以及前人的分析研究资料,对三门湾海岸带第四系分布、第四系承压含水层富水性和咸淡水资源分布、承压水年龄和可更新能力进行了深入研究。三门湾海岸带蛇盘滩涂围垦区第一承压含水层（组）富水性较好,绝大部分地区为淡水;宁海县长街镇区域承压水淡水资源总体呈“人”字型分布,北部的大湖−车岙港区域淡水主要分布在第一承压含水层（组）中,在大湖−下洋涂区域淡水主要分布在第二承压含水层（组）中。三门湾海岸带第四系承压水年龄普遍较老。蛇盘滩涂围垦区第一承压含水层地下水年龄为21 642～22 012 cal a BP,未受到后期海侵作用影响;长街下洋涂滩涂围垦区第二承压含水层地下水的年龄为35 052～45 439 cal a BP,部分地段受到后期海侵影响。在目前未开采利用条件下,承压水补给条件差、水资源更新性差。对于拟作为应急供水水源地靶区,应加强地下水资源管理。     

近半个世纪长江口九段沙湿地的冲淤演变

根据1958~2004年的系列地形图,在地理信息系统软件ArcGis8.2的支持下,探讨近半个世纪九段沙湿地演变过程。研究表明:九段沙在长期的自然淤积过程中既具有趋势性的渐变,又存在非趋势性的突变,北槽深水航道工程改变了九段沙的自然冲淤模式,使九段沙顶端至江亚南沙大片区域显著淤积,工程后期,淤积速率回落,九段沙形态稳定。     

Distribution Characteristics of Formed Region of Condensate in Slope Fractured Rock Mass

Taking a high and steep rocky slope in Jixianguan, Anqing city as the research object, combining with the temperature and relative humidity monitoring data within a depth of 4 m in the spring, summer, autumn and winter of the fractured rock mass, we divided the formed region of condensed water by studying the water vapor and heat migration in the fractured rock mass and the changing characteristics of supersaturated frequency of relative humidity. The results showed that the frequency of water vapor supersaturation in fractured rock increased gradually along its migration direction. In summer, from shallow to deep, the fractured rock mass is in the order of water vapor unsaturated zone, near-saturated zone and supersaturated zone and condensate is mainly formed in the deep; in autumn and winter, from shallow to deep, there are unsaturated zones of water vapor, supersaturated zone, near-saturated zone and unsaturated zone and condensate is mainly formed in the shallow part; in spring, the water vapor undersaturated zone, near-saturated zone and supersaturated zone are in order and the distribution range of condensate formed region is large.     

Differential gene expression in the brain of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on Sebastiscus marmoratus were investigated using a suppression subtractive hybridization method. A total of 108 gene sequences were identified as having the potential for being differentially expressed, and 45 could be identified with homologous database sequences. Functions with which they were associated included long-term potentiation and neurotransmitter release, neuroendocrine, mitosis and cell proliferation, energy-related metabolism, general metabolism, signal protein, hemopoiesis system, immune system, and structure. The expression of 17 of these genes was analyzed in the brain using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The present study provided a basis for studying the response of fish to PCB exposure and allowed the characterization of new potential neurotoxicol biomarkers of PCB contamination in seawater.     

The contribution of lateritization processes to the formation of the kaolin deposits from eastern Amazon

The eastern region of the Amazon is home to the most important kaolin bauxite producing district in Brazil, referred to as the Paragominas-Capim kaolin bauxite district, which has a reserve of at least 1.0 billion tons of high-quality kaolin used in the paper coating industry. The kaolin deposits are closely related to sedimentary rocks of the Parnaíba basin and their lateritic cover. Two large deposits are already being mined: IRCC (Ipixuna) and PPSA (Paragominas). The geology of the IRCC mine is comprised of the kaolin-bearing lower unit (truncated mature laterite succession derived from the Ipixuna/Itapecuru formation) and the upper unit (immature lateritized Barreiras formation). The lower kaolin unit is characterized by a sandy facies at the bottom and a soft (ore) with flint facies at the top. It is formed by kaolinite, quartz, some iron oxi-hydroxides, mica and several accessories and heavy minerals. The <2 μm kaolinite crystallites only correspond to 41.3–58.3% of the soft kaolin, and large booklets of 15–300 μm are common. The degree of structure order of kaolinite decreases towards the flint kaolin. The chemical composition of the soft kaolin is similar to the theoretical chemical composition of kaolinite, with low iron content, and can be well correlated to most kaolin deposits in the region. The distribution pattern of chemical elements from sandy to flint kaolin (lower unit) suggests a lateritic evolution and erosive truncation. This is quite distinct from the upper unit, which has a mineralogical and chemical pathway relating it to a complete immature lateritic profile. The geological evolution of the IRCC kaolin is similar to that of other deposits in the eastern Amazon region, being comprised of: parent rocks formed in an estuarine marine and fluvio-laccustrine environment during the early Cretaceous; establishment of mature lateritization with the formation of kaolin in the Eocene; marine transgression and regression – (Pirabas and Barreiras formation) with kaolin profile erosion and forward movement of deferruginization and flintization during the Miocene after partial mangrove covering; and immature lateritization – partial kaolin ferruginization during the Pleistocene.     

数据共享与学科交叉研究——浅析社科领域的GIS系统应用

随着GIS产业的建立和数字化信息产品在全世界的普及,GIS已然发展成为一个以领域应用为主的信息产业.纵观现今GIS技术的科研应用领域,大多数领域的应用都集中在其有很强空间属性的自然科学范畴中,而在同样需要时空属性支持的哲学人文社会科学领域却为数不多.因此,为了增强对哲学人文社会科学领域研究中与时空属性相关的支持,研究G...     

海洋浅表层天然气水合物地质取样技术及样品现场处置方法

天然气水合物地质调查中通常采用地质、地球物理、地球化学等多种调查方法获得各类地质资料,而海洋地质取样可直接获得海底实物样品,是海洋地质调查中的重要手段。浅表层天然气水合物赋存于近海底沉积物中,利用合适的地质取样方法,在勘探目标区可以直接获得水合物样品及其存在的标志。基于浅表层水合物的存在指示标志和赋存特征,结合前期调查的成功经验,总结了适用于浅表层水合物的地质取样技术方法,主要有海底表层取样、重力柱状取样、海底钻探和保温保压取芯等,不同的取样方法所取的样品类型也有差异,应根据实际地质特征做出优选。针对浅表层天然气水合物的赋存特征,建立了一套海洋天然气水合物取芯样品现场处理和分析方法。水合物采集样品回收到甲板后快速处置分析是水合物调查的重要环节,而正确的现场处理方法是保证样品测试准确的关键。     

X射线荧光光谱三十年

X射线荧光光谱分析在20世纪80年代初已是一种成熟的分析方法,是实验室、现场分析主、次量和痕量元素的首选方法之一,在无损分析和原位分析中具有不可替代的地位。文章评述了三十年来X射线荧光光谱分析的进展历程、波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪(WDXRF)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)和现场与原位分析用X射线荧光光谱仪发展过程及显示的特色。介绍了在X射线的全反射和偏振性质基础上相继推出的偏振、微束、全反射等全新的X射线荧光光谱仪及其在众多领域的应用。回顾了基体校正发展历程和以Sherman方程为基础的基本参数法和理论影系数法在定量分析中的应用,并对学术界有关基体校正的物理意义的争论、Sherman方程的局限性以及如何提高基本参数法在常规定量分析和半定量分析结果的准确度的途径进行了探讨。总结了化学计量学与数据处理方法在XRF中的应用研究及进展,指出人工神经网络方法与基本参数法相结合的算法,对于改善基体校正的准确度和稳定性开创了一条新的途径。     

海洋浅表层天然气水合物资源评价

浅表层天然气水合物具有埋藏浅、厚度大、纯度高等特点。现有的评价方法多针对于具有明显BSR反射特征的中深层天然气水合物,而对浅表层天然气水合物的相关研究鲜有发表。本研究通过对国内外浅表层水合物发育区广泛调研,以浅表层水合物的形成机理为基础,探究水合物资源评价方法的选择;以水合物空间展布规律为参考,明确评价范围界定条件;以综合指示特征为参考,分析评价参数的选取依据。并在此基础上,与中深层天然气水合物进行对比,提出浅表层天然气水合物资源刻度区选取及解剖的初步建议,引出评价中存在的问题,梳理出浅表层天然气水合物的资源评价方法的关键问题。