利用RADARSAT-1数据提取海水养殖区面积

利用2001年胶州湾RADARSAT-1数据,探讨了SAR影像在海水养殖面积监测方面的可行性。选择适当成像参数、天气与海况等环境条件下成像的遥感数据,进行SAR影像的几何校正、图像增强等图像处理,提取养殖区面积信息。选取胶州湾西北部大沽河口至红岛间的海域作为实验区,对处理后的影像进行养殖区面积的提取,结合常规调查数据对该海域养殖类型变迁分析,结果表明1999到2001年间有4.634×106m2海域由底播养殖区转变成水面养殖区。     

Aqueous Surfactant Washing of Residual Oil Contamination from Sandy Soil

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the efficiency of different aqueous concentrations of an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant in washing residual levels of an oil [automatic transmission fluid (ATF)] from sandy soil. Five glass columns packed with the soil were prepared in a manner that simulated conditions leading to residual saturation in an actual oil leak. Each of four columns was washed continuously with 28 pore volumes of solution by pumping either 0.0 percent (water), 0.5 percent, 1.0 percent, or 2.0 percent aqueous surfactant solutions through the columns. The fifth column was washed intermittently with 28 pore volumes of a 1.0 percent surfactant solution. Water washed only 25.5 percent of the ATF from the column soil, while the 0.5 percent, 1 percent, and 2 percent surfactant solutions washed 55 percent, 60 percent, and 72.8 percent of the ATF, respectively. The distribution of the ATF remaining in the column after washing showed that the ATF removed by water was mainly from the outlet side of the column, while the ATF removed by the 2.0 percent surfactant solution was mainly from the inlet side of the column. This observation indicated that different mechanisms were involved; namely, the displacement of oil through the soil-pore space, the dispersion of oil due to reduced surface tension, and the solubilization of oil by surfactant micelles. In the case of water, the displacement of oil was the main washing mechanism, while all three mechanisms were operative during surfactant washing. ATF dispersion and solubilization were improved at higher surfactant concentrations. The column that was washed intermittently to pulse ATF from dead end pores did not show a significant improvement over the column that was continuously washed with the same 1.0 percent surfactant solution. The results show promising potential for application in the field and will be further investigated in a two-dimensional model aquifer.     

Effect of oil pollution on gluthione and relative enzyme in oyster(Saccostrea cuculiata)

The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.     

Geostatistical Rock Physics Inversion for Predicting the Spatial Distribution of Porosity and Saturation in the Critical Zone

Mathematical Geosciences - Understanding the subsurface structure and function in the near-surface groundwater system, including fluid flow, geomechanical, and weathering processes, requires...     

Reply to Discussion “Geopolymers Based on Recycled Glass Powder for Soil Stabilization” Jair de Jesús Arrieta Baldovino,Ronaldo Luis dos Santos Izzo,Juliana Lundgren Rose,and Mônica Angélica Avanci

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering -     

基于数值模拟的耳阳河流域泥石流灾害危险性评价

洮河流域中游位于甘肃省南部,属泥石流高发区。耳阳河是洮河流域中游的一条重要支流,泥石流灾害尤其严重。为研究甘肃省南部小流域泥石流灾害的危险性,以耳阳河流域为研究对象,选取流域内居民相对集中的6条泥石流沟,用FLO-2D模型模拟了2012年5月10日实际降雨条件下的泥石流运动特征和堆积特征,得到了泥石流流量随时间的变化曲线、泥石流流体深度和流速在沟谷不同地段的空间分布,对“5·10”泥石流灾害过程进行了重现。模拟结果表明:泥石流爆发15～30 min后达到洪峰,约3 h后流量逐步回落;泥石流流动速度在流通区快,到沟口迅速下降,固体物质淤积阻塞河道。通过野外现场调查和遥感解译,发现模拟得到的泥石流发生过程、堆积区分布、泥石流影响区与现场调查和访问得到的实际情况基本相符。进而,采用相同的方法和参数,对2.0%和0.2%降水频率下泥石流的堆积范围、深度和流速进行了模拟分析,分别制作了上述工况下的泥石流危险性分区图,圈定了潜在威胁较大的人口聚集区,为耳阳河流域泥石流灾害的预防和治理提供了依据,也为类似泥石流提供了一种危险性分析的技术方法。     

Research and application of mud proportioning optimization of slurry balance shield in mudstone and gravel composite stratum

Slurry performance is one of the key factors to maintain the stability of excavation face when slurry balance shield is tunneling in complex strata. Based on the engineering background of slurry shield tunneling in mudstone and gravel composite stratum of Nanning Metro Line 5, the control variable method and the self-made slurry shield tunneling system are adopted to compare and select the mud admixture and to analyze the influence of the admixture amount and the formation composite ratio on the slurry relative density. Then, the mud permeability law and the dynamic and static mud film forming law under different formation composite ratios, swelling water ratios and slag dosages are analyzed comprehensively by factorial design. The results show that different admixtures have significant influence on the properties of bentonite slurry. Specifically, potassium methyl silicate and potassium chloride can effectively reduce the relative density of slurry, while sodium chloride and sodium silicate can promote the disintegration of mudstone in water. In addition, the slag admixture can effectively reduce the water filtration, improving the film quality and reducing the consumption of bentonite. When the cutter head speed is less than or equal to 2.5 r/min, the formation rate of mud film is greater than or equal to the failure rate so as to ensure the stability of driving face. The mud swelling water ratio suitable for mudstone and gravel composite stratum (composite ratio: 0?1) is 0.1?0.20, the residue content is 100?200 g/kg, and the potassium methyl silicate is 3.75%?7.50%.     

Interannual salinity variability of the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass

This paper discusses the interannual variability of the Northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(NYSCWM) and the factors that influence it,based on survey data from the 1976–2006 national standard section and the Korea Oceanographic Data Center,monthly E-P flux data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,and meridional wind speed data from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. The results show that:1) the mean salinity of the NYSCWM center has a slightly decreasing trend,which is not consistent with the high salinity center; 2) both the southern salinity front and the halocline of the NYSCWM display a weakening trend,which indicates that the difference between the NYSCWM and coastal water decreases; 3) the Yellow Sea Warm Current intrusion,the E-P flux of the northern Yellow Sea,and the strength of the winter monsoon will affect the NYSCWM salinity during the following summer.     

用新的解谱软件及X射线荧光光谱法分析硫的化学态

根据离散傅立叶变换与褶积定理,开发了快速傅立叶变换自消褶积解谱软件,有９种窗函数可供选择。结合图形软件,并通过模拟谱和实验谱的叠加、二分法的运用等,实现了自动搜寻谱峰和参数的新算法,并将其应用于Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析硫的化学态的研究中,给出了模拟谱自消褶积解谱结果,不同化学态硫的混合物实测谱与解谱结果比较图。     

化学计量学与X射线荧光光谱分析

简要回顾了Ｘ＿射线荧光分析中数学校正模型的发展进程；阐述了基体校正方程与化学计量学之间的关系；介绍了偏最小二乘回归、神经网络、专家系统和模式识别等近期研究成果；以及轻元素测定、微束和薄层分析等数据处理技术。并对化学计量学方法在Ｘ＿射线荧光分析中的应用与发展前景作了评述