应用高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)开发大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)SNP标记的研究

利用Vector NTI Advance 11软件分析了NCBI数据库中大菱鲆的12428条EST序列,筛出候选SNP位点;应用高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)对大菱鲆不同性状群体进行基因分型。结果表明,522个重叠群中共筛出160多个候选SNP位点;设计56对引物用于实验,能扩增出目的片段的引物有37条,合45个位点,成功率为66.1%;设计探针,能与候选SNP位点杂交的探针有13条,杂交率为28.9%。本实验中能成功进行基因分型的位点共有8个,占杂交位点的61.5%,其中有6个为碱基替换型位点,即G-A和C-T各占3个,2个为碱基颠换型位点,即T-G和A-T各占1个。     

温度对金红色大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化的影响

以大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)新品系“赣红1号”为对象,探究了不同温度(20,23,26,29,32℃)对其受精卵孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化的影响。结果显示,当温度在20~32℃范围内时,培育周期和孵化周期与温度均呈负相关关系,均随着温度的升高而缩短。培育周期在各温度组间差异显著(P<0.05),孵化周期在29和32℃组间差异不显著,其余各组间均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。随着温度的升高,孵化率先升高后降低,26℃时孵化率达到最高;畸形率呈现与孵化率相反的趋势,26℃时畸形率最低,且显著低于20、29和32℃组(P<0.05);仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,各组间差异显著(P<0.05),23℃时SAI值为59.77,最大可存活时间为15日龄;此外,雄性率随温度的升高而增加,高温可促进个体趋向雄性发育。研究发现“赣红1号”受精卵孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化均受到温度的重要影响,结合生产实际和试验数据,其孵化和仔鱼培育的适宜温度应保持在23~26℃。     

红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)耐低温相关微卫星标记的初步筛选

采用微卫星结合混合群体分离分析法技术（SSR-BSA）对红鳍东方鲀群体进行耐低温相关微卫星标记的筛选。首先对300尾红鳍东方鲀幼鱼进行低温处理,分别获得34尾耐低温（S组）和不耐低温个体（D组）。分别在两组中随机挑选15尾提取基因组DNA,构建耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池,然后用148对微卫星引物对其进行扫描。结果发现4个标记（fms45、fms82、fms100和fms182）在耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池中扩增出差异条带。用S组和D组全部个体对4个标记进行单个体验证,结果显示由fms100扩增,携带有116 bp条带的个体在S组和D组的出现频率分别是53%和18%,132 bp条带的出现频率分别是59%（S组）、24%（D组）;由fms182扩增,携带有125 bp的个体在S组和D组出现的频率分别是12%和35%,经卡方检验P值均小于0.05,差异显著。本文关于红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记的报道,为研究红鳍东方鲀耐低温的遗传基础以及相关分子机制提供了依据,也为开展红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记辅助选育提供了良好的基础。     

湖南锡田岩体的岩浆混合成因:岩相学､岩石地球化学和U-Pb 年龄证据

南岭中段的锡田岩体燕山期岩石以斑状黑云母二长花岗岩为主,岩体中广泛发育暗色微粒包体?暗色微粒包体为岩浆结构,大多数具有塑性外形,发育淬冷边?反向脉,存在多种不平衡结构和矿物组合,如钾长石环斑?石英眼斑?针状磷灰石等,显示岩浆混合特征?岩石地球化学方面,暗色微粒包体具有比寄主岩贫硅?贫碱,富K?Fe?Mg?Ca?Ti 特征;暗色微粒包体及寄主岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=2.6~8.8),具有中-强的铕负异常(δEu=0.09~0.74)以及具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图;在主要氧化物含量Harker 图解中投点多呈直线变异趋势,反映了两者具有密切的亲缘关系,利用共分母和不共分母图解进行判别,暗色微粒包体与寄主岩具岩浆混合特征,在MgO-TFeO判别图解中也指示包体为岩浆混合成因?上述岩相学和元素地球化学特征表明暗色微粒包体是基性岩浆侵入到酸性岩浆中淬冷形成的,指示锡田岩体存在两种岩浆的混合作用?通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 定年,得到寄主岩形成年龄(150.04±0.52)Ma,暗色包体形成年龄(145.09±0.63)Ma,二者年龄在测试误差范围内一致,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世?     

大菱鲆体重和主要体型比率性状的遗传动态分析

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding.     

黄、渤海几种海产无脊椎动物蛋白质与氨基酸含量分析

三疣梭子蟹（Ｐｏｒｔｕｎｕｓ　ｔｒｉｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｓ）、虾蛄（Ｓｑｕｉｌｌａｏｒａｔｏｒｉａ）、刺参（Ｓｔｉｃｈｏｐｕｓ　ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）、海地瓜（Ａｃａｕｄｉｎａｍｏｌｐａｄｉｏｉｄｅｓ）、脉红螺（Ｒａｐａｎａ　ｖｅｎｏｓａ）、长竹蛏（Ｓｏｌｅｎｇｏｕｌｄｉｉ）、泥蚶（Ｔｅｇｉｌｌａｒｃａｇｒａｎｏｓａ）、菲律宾蛤仔（Ｒｕｄｉｔａｐｅｓｐｈｉｌｉｐｐｉｎａｒｕｍ）、紫贻贝（Ｍｙｔｉｌｕｓ　ｅｄｕｌｉｓ）、长蛸（Ｏｃｔｏｐｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ）、马粪海胆（Ｈｅｍｉｃｅｎｔｒｏｔｕ…     

都庞岭-九嶷山地区早元古代地壳存在证据

都庞岭-九嶷山地区出露的南华纪至第四纪地层最大厚度累加为18.5km,物探推测的地壳厚度为32~40km,两者相减尚应有13.5~18.5km厚的硅铝质地壳物质;地表基性-超基性火山岩中已发现有年龄值为1141~2707Ma的片麻岩、麻粒岩、辉长岩、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、片岩等沉积岩和岩浆岩变质结晶岩类;源岩主要属地壳成分的花岗岩,钕同位素T2dm值为1790~1380Ma;花岗岩内磨圆状残留锆石SHRIMP法年龄值912~2669Ma.推测南华系-奥陶系仅属上地壳基底,南华系之下还存在元古代甚至太古代的变质结晶基底.     

大菱鲆体重和形态性状的遗传动态分析

In order to elucidate the genetic mechanism of growth traits in turbot during ontogeny, developmental genetic analysis of the body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights of turbots was conducted by mixed genetic models with additive-dominance effects, based on complete diallel crosses with four different strains of Scophthalmus maximus from Denmark, Norway, Britain, and France. Unconditional genetic analysis revealed that the unconditional additive effects for the four traits were more significant than unconditional dominance effects, meanwhile, the alternative expressions were also observed between the additive and dominant effects for body weights, total lengths and standard lengths. Conditional analysis showed that the developmental periods with active gene expression for body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights were 15–18, 15 and 21–24, 15 and 24, and 21 and 27 months of age, respectively. The proportions of unconditional/conditional variances indicated that the narrow-sense heritabilities of body weights, total lengths and standard lengths were all increased systematically. The accumulative effects of genes controlling the four quantitative traits were mainly additive effects, suggesting that the selection is more efficient for the genetic improvement of turbots. The conditional genetic procedure is a useful tool to understand the expression of genes controlling developmental quantitative traits at a specific developmental period(t-1→t) during ontogeny. It is also important to determine the appropriate developmental period(t-1→t) for trait measurement in developmental quantitative genetic analysis in fish.     

1:25万郴州幅区域地质调查主要进展及成果

通过地面地质调查、样品分析测试以及前人资料收集利用,全面查明了区内地层、岩浆岩和构造发育特征,系统总结了区内矿产资源概况和成矿地质条件.针对有关区域地质问题进行了深入研究,取得以下主要进展及成果:确定了南华系—寒武系中砂岩的主量元素和微量元素特征,反映其形成于被动大陆边缘环境;确定了中三叠世后期印支运动表现为NWW—SEE向区域挤压下的陆内俯冲造山,提出了印支运动中NW向基底隐伏断裂的左行走滑导致部分地区构造线走向偏转,炎陵—汝城一带发育的印支期隔槽式褶皱形成于基底(厚皮式)横向收缩与压扁作用;确定了中生代印支期、燕山早期和燕山晚期3阶段花岗岩的时限分别为233~210 Ma、174~135 Ma、130~85 Ma,形成构造环境分别为后碰撞、后造山和陆内裂谷;通过热年代学分析揭示了湘东南地区中、新生代山体隆升过程;厘定出湘东南及湘粤赣边区中生代构造发展框架;分析表明构造体制差异可能是造成湘东南燕山早期花岗岩成矿能力强于印支期花岗岩的关键原因,燕山早期钨锡多金属和铅锌多金属2类矿床组合的形成可能主要与岩石圈结构和深部热扰动强度有关.     

我国植物食性海水鱼类养殖发展前景

<正>近50年来,我国水产养殖业快速发展,从过去追求养殖面积扩大和养殖产量增加,向更加注重品种结构的调整和产品质量的提高。新的养殖技术和新的养殖品种不断推出,工厂化养殖、生态健康养殖模式迅速发展,2012年我国海水鱼养殖产量为102.84万t,年增长6.66%[1],品种达80余种。养殖模式方面,工厂化养殖、网箱养殖、池塘养殖等多种