中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

用于复合驱防腐垢剂的综合性能评价

适合于复合驱的防腐垢剂BH是一种磷硅酸盐。针对矿场实际,通过室内实验,对含该防腐垢剂的三元复合体系基本性质进行了研究。结果表明,这种磷硅酸盐防腐垢剂具有良好的缓蚀防垢效果,且驱油体系与渤海油田原油仍然可以形成超低界面张力。体系的表观黏度和界面张力的稳定性也有所改善。压力传导和转向调44能力实验结果表明：“聚合物／BH助剂”和“聚合物／表面活性剂／BH助剂”复合体系相比聚合物溶液其传导能力分别下降了14．2％和29．5％,转向调剖能力分别提高了11．8％和14．9％;而“聚合物／ga活性剂／BH助剂”相比“聚合物／表面活性剂／NaOH”体系传导能力相差不大,但转向调剖能力相对提高了10％左右。可见BH防腐垢剂不仅具有良好的缓蚀防垢和降低界面张力效果,而且具有较强的转向调剖能力。     

基于反射地震资料探讨泥河湾盆地的新生代和中生代地层

查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列及基底的分布与赋存形态是研究泥河湾盆地形成机制的基础性工作。本研究在泥河湾盆地桑干河与壶流河交接处附近采集了四条测线的反射地震数据,通过对精细处理后的地震剖面进行详细分析,在剖面上厘定了三个具有明显强反射标志的地层,即古近系的玄武岩、侏罗系上统的含煤地层和侏罗系下统的含煤地层;其中,新近系沉积层与古近系玄武岩界面在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为0.3~0.6s,深度范围为300~500m,而第四系泥河湾组底界由南西到北东逐渐加深,其界面深度为200~300m;侏罗系上统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时在0.8s上下波动,其深度约为1200m,探测出侏罗系上统顶界面的深度范围为800~1100m;侏罗系下统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为1.0~1.4s,深度范围为1800~2000m,由此推测出中生界侏罗系与古生界寒武系地层分界线的深度为2000m左右;根据地震反射波阻抗差别推测出新元古界和太古界地层的分界面在地震剖面上出现的时间约为2.5s,其深度为4000m左右。本研究通过四条反射地震测线的数据基本上查明了泥河湾盆地位于探测区处第四系泥河湾组底界面的深度分布范围及起伏形态、侏罗系上统顶界面和下统底界面的大致埋深,为查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列提供了基础性的参考信息。     

金厦海域环境协调管理的可行性分析

金厦海域是厦门市和金门县未来发展的优势,是两地走向世界的生命线。50余年来,历史上曾隶属于同安县的金门县与厦门市对于金厦海域的管理处于分割的状态,形成了分立的管理体系与统一的管理对象—金厦海域的矛盾。随着两地经济社会发展的加速,建立协调的金厦海域环境管理体系不仅必要,而且已经具备了现实的可行性。     

页岩压裂过程的连续时域电磁法动态监测试验（英文）

页岩气开发水压过程中监测裂缝的空间展布对页岩气稳产高产并指导压裂至关重要。常规的时移地震、井间地震及微震监测不但成本高,监测效果显示周期长,且不能直观展示压裂液的平面和空间形态的动态变化。本试验研究首先对压裂液及压裂液充填的岩样进行了电性测试与分析,发现其具有极低阻与高极化特征,表明可控源电磁法进行页岩压裂过程的动态监测有着良好的电性基础。其次,基于试验区井震资料建立的地电模型,通过改变储层电性进行正演模拟,研究了电场分量的变化规律,提出了瞬变电磁法动态监测的归一化残差电阻率成像方法。最后,以时移电磁长偏移距瞬变电磁阵列法为手段,在我国南方涪陵页岩开发区水平压裂井上进行了连续时域电磁法动态监测试验。通过参研单位高度协同,采取了大功率与数百道阵列观测方式,获取了埋深在2800米处三个压裂段上方地面224个物理点近9个小时的电场时间序列数据。处理结果表明,该方法能有效观测到压裂液引起的电场信号变化。通过残差处理与电阻率成像,获取了储层改造过程的动态图像,结合地震、测井与水平井位的标定,解释了压裂液平面和空间展布,其结果对页岩气有效压裂与安全开采有重要指导意义,展示出连续时域电磁法在页岩气开发的压裂监测中有着广阔的应用前景。     

波伏棱（Povlen）型羟基纤蛇纹石的谱学研究

波伏棱型羟基纤蛇纹石是波伏棱型纤蛇纹石矿物的新变种,本文报导它的吸收光谱、红外光谱、穆斯堡尔谱、电子顺磁共振谱和核磁共振谱。 研究表明,吸收光谱是Fe~(3 )和Fe~(2 )的晶场跃迁以及Fe~(2 )→Fe~(3 )的荷移跃迁引起的;红外光谱是OH和Si-O的伸缩振动、OH转动以及Mg-O和Si-O的弯曲振动引起的;穆斯堡尔谱是Fe~(2 )_(八面体)、Fe~(3 )_(八面体)和Fe~(3 )_(四面体)引起的;电子顺磁共振谱是Mn~(2 )_(八面体)、Fe~(3 )_(八面体)和Fe~(3 )_(四面体)引起的;核磁共振谱是管道水,镁八面体和硅氧四面体上的OH引起的;矿物加热到825℃时,结构开始破坏并出现镁橄榄石相。 此外,本文还解释了该蛇纹石颜色的本质,阐明了上述过渡金属离子和OH在该矿物中的结构环境。     

顺应物资供应体制改革搞好煤田地质物资供应

当前,国家对物资体制改革的方向是:在加强重要物资宏观平衡的基础上,有步骤地缩小指令性计划,扩大指导性计划和市场调节,积极促进短线物资的生产,主要用经济手段调节物资供求关系,依托大中城市,逐步建立起有领导有组织的生产资料市场,保证国家重点需要,增强企业活力。按照这一方向,煤田地质系统的统部管物资纳入指令性计划管理的只限于钢材、     

PSEUDOINVERSE DETERMINATION OF THE CIRCULATION IN PRYDZ BAY AND ITS ADJACENT OPEN OCEAN, ANTARCTICA

An inverse model is used to infer the circulation in Prydz Bay and its adjacent open ocean using hydrographic data obtained by the cruise of the 7th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-7), 1990/91. Barotropie components are found to be strong in the study area, esp. at the Antarctic Divergence, and from a whole view, the velocity is rather small. In the open ocean, the flow is quasizonal, but outside the bay it shows a tendency of pressing onto the shelf from surface to bottom, and a feature of intensification just east of Fram Bank. We suggest here be the most important place to detect the possibility of the Antarctic Bottom Water formation. The meridional profiles of the distribution indicate a strong (relative to the ambient) core and a slope-trapped part into the bargain. In the southeastern part of the bay, there seems to exist a strong coastal current flowing westward. The computed upwelling centers are mainly situated in the west of the study region, as agrees quite well with     

岩浆岩中镁铝含量比

笔者在研究沉积岩中镁铝含量比的同时,还对岩浆岩中镁铝含量比的变化进行了探讨,发现镁铝含量比——m值(m=100×MgO/Al_2O_3)不仅在沉积岩中呈规律性变化,在岩浆岩中也有明显的规律性:超基性岩81.1;基性岩42.8;中性岩22.8;酸性岩中,当SiO_2含量