基于文献计量分析的南大洋生态环境研究现状与展望

南大洋是目前受人为活动干扰最少的区域,在平衡全球气候变化、维持生物多样性方面扮演了重要角色。由于其独特的自然条件和地理区位,各国学者自20世纪90年代起就开始对南大洋生态环境进行深入研究。为厘清全球范围内的南大洋生态环境研究现状、预测未来研究趋势,本文采用文献计量学的研究方法,统计了Web of Science核心数据库中已发表的南大洋生态环境相关研究论文,共获得有效论文7 491篇。基于VOSviewer软件分析了1990—2020年间关于南大洋生态环境的论文发表数量、发表机构、发表期刊、核心作者及主要研究主题,结果表明：(1)南大洋生态环境的相关研究逐年增加,1997年《京都议定书》的签订及其2005年的正式生效是南大洋生态环境研究数量明显上升的时间节点;(2)美国是南大洋生态环境研究的领军国家,拥有3个发文数量排名前十的科研机构;英国和澳大利亚也是南大洋生态环境研究的主要国家,其科研机构发文数量排名靠前;中国的南大洋生态环境研究起步较晚,目前仍处于追赶阶段,但与欧美国家的差距正逐步缩小;(3)30年间南大洋生态环境的主要研究领域包括“气候变化”“浮游植物”“南极磷虾种群”“海洋生...     

中日海洋防灾减灾体系对比研究

我国是遭受海洋灾害影响最为严重的国家之一,海洋防灾减灾不仅是我国也是全球重大议题。我国海洋灾害灾次频、灾种多、灾情重,直接危及人民生命财产安全,制约海洋经济长足发展并阻碍海洋生态文明建设。现阶段我国的海洋防灾减灾体系建设发展迅速,但与发达国家相比尚存差距。面对复杂严峻的形势,尤其是在机构改革的背景下,借鉴他国经验并健全完善我国海洋防灾减灾体系十分必要。因此,本文立足我国基本国情,选取具有丰富经验的日本作为比较研究对象,深入剖析中日两国现有海洋防灾减灾体系,在“一案三制”基本架构的视角下归纳两国差异,审视我国问题所在,并为我国未来海洋防灾减灾工作提出具有针对性的对策建议。     

海洋“暖气管”

海洋中的暖流所蕴藏的巨大热能和对气候的影响，引起了各国科学家的广泛关注，其中，最主要的是湾流与黑潮。     

伊敏煤田锗资源赋存特征及地质工作建议

伊敏煤田锗资源是继内蒙古胜利煤田之后发现的又一特大型煤伴生锗矿田。本文通过对伊敏煤田锗赋存特征及成因分析,为在本区寻找锗矿提供了找矿方向。     

Defence force activities in marine protected areas: environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Queensland, Australia

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.     

内蒙古胜利煤田乌兰图嘎富锗煤煤岩特征与成矿环境

锗是典型的分散元素,不能形成独立矿床.煤的成分极其复杂,在极其特殊的地质条件下,煤中的锗可富集并达到工业品位(≥100×10-6).本文主要通过对野外采集的6-1层位煤的13件样品的分析,在研究煤中锗的分布特征基础上,试图探讨锗的聚集与富存与煤岩组分及其能反映煤相微环境的其他地质指标的关系,进而研究煤锗的成矿地质因素与成矿模式.     

墨西哥湾赤潮综合观测系统及其对我国的启示

本文通过研究墨西哥湾赤潮综合观测系统的发展过程、系统组成、实施手段和达成目标,结合我国赤潮监测系统的现状,提出对于我国赤潮观测和预警系统建设应按照预防为主、防控治相结合的原则,积极发挥公众参与性,建立多方合作机制和交流平台,建立、健全全国赤潮监测预警系统和赤潮灾害应急响应体系,从而提高我国赤潮灾害监测和管理水平。     

基于DPSIR模型的青岛市海洋资源可持续利用评价研究

青岛市在海洋强国、海洋强省建设中拥有重要地位,切实提高海洋可持续发展能力、科学合理开发利用海洋资源是现阶段青岛市海洋工作的重点之一。在这一背景下,本文采用改良的DPSIR模型,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应、改革的阻碍六个方面出发,构建了青岛市海洋资源可持续利用评价指标体系,利用熵值法确定了指标权重,并对2013年到2017年青岛市海洋资源可持续利用水平进行了分析。评价结果显示,青岛市海洋资源可持续利用水平在这几年间不断提高,呈现稳中向好的趋势。本文的结论将为青岛市相关政策的制定提供参考依据。     

Defence force activities in marine protected areas:environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area,Queensland,Australia

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.     

基于DPSIR模型的长岛地区可持续发展水平评价研究

在“坚持陆海统筹,加快建设海洋强国”的背景下,我国海岛开发利用方式向绿色、生态、可持续发展转变,长岛海洋生态文明综合试验区成为我国海洋生态文明建设和海岛高质量发展的前沿阵地。基于上述考虑,文章运用DPSIR模型,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响和响应5个方面构建长岛地区可持续发展水平评价指标体系,采用熵权法与层次分析法相结合...