The influence of stiffness of the true triaxial testing machine on the rupturing and acoustic emission of rocks and its correlation with seismic activities

This paper introduces how the ratioR of the characteristic stiffness of rock samplevs. the stiffness of testing machines would influence the rupturing process and the acoustic emission (AE) on the part of the tested rock samples. Result of the experiment shows: WhenR>0.20, the rock sample would rupture abruptly; whereas whenR<0.20, the rock samples would rupture slowly. When the samples rupture abruptly, the time-dependent variation of the AE rate takes such a pattern:peak value—stable low values—rises to the maximum value (concentration)—drops back to the minimum value (quiescence)—(rises again)—ruptures. Moreover, smallerR-value tends to be associated with longer quiescence and vice versa. WhenR>1.50, no pre-failure quiescence is detected. When the rock samples rupture slowly, the variation pattern of the AE rate (after the stress has increased to more than 50% of the rupturing stress) is as the following:stable low (or high) values—rises (or drops) to its maximum (or minimum) values and then continues for some time—ruptures. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 223–233, 1991. This study is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

A data collection and analysis system for research on rock fracturing

We have made a data collection and analysis system for recording microcracks in rock to study the three dimensional pattern of fracture and the dynamic properties of rock during pressurization. This system, with 8 channel data detection, records in real-time, from the initial microcracks to the final vibration waveform excited by the master fracture. The detected data are recorded digitally at the hard disk of an IBM computer (or 286, 386 personal computer) as well as transmitted to disk. The sampling rate for each channel is 10 MHz. Collecting every acoustic emission events in the loaded rock sample with 8 channels by this system, mathematically modelling the AE event travel time, and taking the coordinates of the AE event hypocenter and the three components of P wave velocity as unknown parameters, we set up a set of residual equations for joint inversion, so that the three dimensional localization of AE event hypocenters can be completed under variable velocities, which will lay foundations for the research on rock fracture clearly. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismological Sinica,13, 489–495, 1991. The design and development of the system, and the experiments are sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

黑龙江杂岩中蓝片岩的地球化学特征和云母片岩的4期40Ar-39Ar年龄对佳木斯地块晚古生代至中生代构造演化的制约

黑龙江杂岩作为存在于佳木斯地块西缘的牡丹江洋俯冲—增生的唯一直接记录,对限定佳木斯地块晚古生代—中生代的构造演化具有关键作用。本文主要对依兰和牡丹江地区出露的黑龙江蓝片岩和云母片岩分别进行了地球化学和⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学方面的分析。研究结果显示,依兰和牡丹江地区的蓝片岩原岩均为碱性玄武岩,与 OIB的地球化学性质相一致,指示其形成于洋岛环境。结合作者在依兰地区发表的蓝片岩原岩结晶年龄为～288 Ma,表明在早二叠世时期,佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间存在古洋盆,即牡丹江洋。此外,在牡丹江地区黑龙江杂岩中获得的云母片岩白云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为187±2 Ma,其与变基性岩常常相伴产生,表明二者共同经历了牡丹江洋的俯冲消亡过程,因此代表了黑龙江蓝片岩的形成时代,即早侏罗世。综上,本文对佳木斯地块晚古生代—中生代的构造演化历史提出了新的解释,即：早二叠世,牡丹江洋一直存在于佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间;早侏罗世,牡丹江洋向松嫩地块之下发生俯冲消减,进而造成佳木斯地块与松嫩地块发生碰撞拼贴。     

四维变分方法反演低层风场能力研究

从新一代天气雷达径向速度资料中反演出可靠的三维风场对提高新一代天气雷达的应用水平有重要的作用，将雷达直接观测的径向速度转换成台站预报员更为熟悉的风场结构，对识别中小尺度信息有很大帮助。为此该文对4DVAR同化技术在风场业务反演中应用的可能性进行了探讨，利用广州、济南新一代多普勒天气雷达观测资料，从是否加入云模式湿过程以及迭代次数、计算时间、背景场、初始场、分辨率和反演区域等方面对干模式的4DVAR系统进行了讨论，并从风场结构、均方根差别等方面对反演结果进行分析。多种试验表明，干模式的4DVAR系统与湿的云模式反演结果差异不大。模式的初始场和背景场对反演结果具有较高的敏感性，利用前一时次的反演结果作为背景场迭代15～20次的干模式结果可以很好地在业务上试运行，对台站预报员提高中小尺度天气预报的准确率有着很重要的作用。     

扇三角洲沉积体系及其与油气聚集关系

扇三角洲沉积体系是断陷盆地中极为发育的一种沉积体系,主要由扇三角洲平原组合、扇三角洲前缘组合和前三角洲沉积构成,可识别出9种成因相。受沉积物供给速率、可容空间增长速率及盆缘断裂产状等因素控制可划分出退积型、加积型、前积型、陡坡型和缓坡型5种扇三角洲类型。位于扇三角洲平原的辫状分流河道砂体及其位于扇三角洲前缘的与之有成因联系的水下分流河口坝、洪水型重力流砂体等物性好,可以构成优质储层。含油性勘探成果亦证实各主力油层段平面上主要分布于扇三角洲前缘及分流间湾区,小部分位于扇三角洲平原区。受埋藏深度和成岩场的影响,不同地区、不同层位主力油层段的物性与岩性相关性各异。因此,应用沉积体系分布与油气聚集规律挖掘剩余油层及进行远景区预测是有效的与可行的。     

贵州六盘水地区水城矿区晚二叠世煤的煤质特征及其控制因素

本文中研究概括了六盘水地区水城矿区晚二叠世煤的煤岩学、煤化学和煤地球化学的研究结果,探讨了煤质的控制因素。研究结果表明水城矿区煤具有适合于炼焦用煤的煤岩煤质特征（中挥发分烟煤和高挥发分烟煤Ａ,适中的显微组分比例,４９．９％～８１．８％镜质组,１１．９％～３１．９％惰性组,０．４％～１６．９％壳质组,中－低的硫含量,０．３４％～１．５％）。水城煤的煤级主要受深成变质作用的影响。水城煤的岩石学特征主要受晚二叠世水城三角洲的控制。将水城矿区煤的微量元素含量与世界平均的微量元素进行比较,水城煤具有Ｓｅ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｕ和Ｔｈ稍高富集,Ｃｓ、Ａｓ和Ｂａ低富集的特点。煤中Ｂｒ和Ｃｌ具有亲有机性     

用Motif工具库设计地震正演模拟系统人机交互界面

Ｍｏｔｉｆ的功能概要地说就是对各种Ｗｉｄｇｅｔ的创建、管理和回调。利用Ｍｏｔｉｆ工具库为该系统设计人机交互界面的主要步骤为：根据有限元法地震正演模拟系统的总体结构,编程设计系统各层次结构的接口界面,主要包括主窗口、菜单拉杆、下拉菜单和绘图基的创建以及模型数据输入和图形的绘制。有限元法地震正演模拟系统的总体结构由四个层次的内容组成,其主要功能是：输入模型参数和排列参数（包括激发、接收参数）;进行有限元法地震正演模拟计算;修改模型参数并重新进行计算。     

半拉格朗日方法在全球原始方程模式中的实现

简单介绍了半拉格朗日平流方案的基本概念,并详细总结了基估全球原始方程模式,特别是在ＩＦＳ的具体实现过程,拉格朗日平流的观点是着流体质点看流体运动,基贩关键是流体轨迹的计算。轨迹中点和起始点水平坐标的示得可以利用球面三角,直接在球极坐标中进行,并采用一些较高的近似。为了充分获得半拉格朗日方案析益处,在起始点的内插能工巧匠春阶数至少应在四阶以上,为避免昂贵的三维三次内插,可以采用三维“准三次”内插 。