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81.
克氏原螯虾主要养殖在长江中下游地区,目前最主要的养殖模式为虾稻共作模式。大量研究结果表明,克氏原螯虾的生长发育与气象要素密切相关。水温在25-30℃时,克氏原螯虾生长较快;16-25℃水温范围内,温度越高,越有利于雌虾卵巢发育;20-30℃水温范围内,水温越高,受精卵孵化时间越短。光明和黑暗时间之比为16 h∶8 h时,最有利于雌虾性腺发育。与克氏原螯虾养殖有关的气象灾害主要有暴雨洪涝、高温热害、低温冷害。鉴于目前的养殖和气象因子影响研究及服务现状,建议气象部门开展虾-稻种养基地气象观测站网建设,开展气温与水温相关性和水温预报研究,以及气象要素对克氏原螯虾影响的定量化研究。 相似文献
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An assessment of the predictability of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet based on TIGGE data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The predictability of the position, spatial coverage and intensity of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet(EASWJ) in the summers of 2010 to 2012 was examined for ensemble prediction systems(EPSs) from four representative TIGGE centers,including the ECMWF, the NCEP, the CMA, and the JMA. Results showed that each EPS predicted all EASWJ properties well, while the levels of skill of all EPSs declined as the lead time extended. Overall, improvements from the control to the ensemble mean forecasts for predicting the EASWJ were apparent. For the deterministic forecasts of all EPSs, the prediction of the average axis was better than the prediction of the spatial coverage and intensity of the EASWJ. ECMWF performed best, with a lead of approximately 0.5–1 day in predictability over the second-best EPS for all EASWJ properties throughout the forecast range. For probabilistic forecasts, differences in skills among the different EPSs were more evident in the earlier part of the forecast for the EASWJ axis and spatial coverage, while they departed obviously throughout the forecast range for the intensity. ECMWF led JMA by about 0.5–1 day for the EASWJ axis, and by about 1–2 days for the spatial coverage and intensity at almost all lead times. The largest lead of ECMWF over the relatively worse EPSs, such as NCEP and CMA, was approximately 3–4 days for all EASWJ properties. In summary, ECMWF showed the highest level of skill for predicting the EASWJ, followed by JMA. 相似文献
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A comprehensive classification of anomalous circulation patterns responsible for persistent precipitation extremes in South China 下载免费PDF全文
Based on observational precipitation at 63 stations in South China and NCEP NCAR reanalysis data during 1951 2010,a cluster analysis is performed to classify large-scale circulation patterns responsible for persistent precipitation extremes(PPEs) that are independent of the influence of tropical cyclones(TCs).Conceptual schematics depicting configurations among planetary-scale systems at different levels are established for each type.The PPEs free from TCs account for 38.6%of total events,and they tend to occur during April August and October,with the highest frequency observed in June.Corresponding circulation patterns during June August can be mainly categorized into two types,i.e.,summer-Ⅰ type and summer-Ⅱtype.In summer-Ⅰ type,the South Asian high takes the form of a zonal-belt type.The axis of upstream westerly jets is northwest-oriented.At the middle level,the westerly jets at midlatitudes extend zonally.Along the southern edge of the westerly jet,synoptic eddies steer cold air to penetrate southward;the Bay of Bengal(BOB) trough is located to the north;a shallow trough resides over coastal areas of western South China;and an intensified western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) extends westward.The anomalous moisture is mainly contributed by horizontal advection via southwesterlies around 20°N and southeasterlies from the southern flange of the WPSH.Moisture convergence maximizes in coastal regions of eastern South China,which is the very place recording extreme precipitation.In summer-Ⅱ type,the South Asian high behaves as a western-center type.The BOB trough is much deeper,accompanied by a cyclone to its north;and a lower-level trough appears in northwestern parts of South China.Different to summer-Ⅰ type,moisture transport via southwesterlies is mostly responsible for the anomalous moisture in this type.The moisture convergence zones cover Guangdong,Guangxi,and Hainan,matching well with the areas of flooding.It is these set combinations among different systems at different levels that trigger PPEs in South China. 相似文献
85.
首先研究了河南"75·8"强降水事件的极端异常特征,然后从水汽通量的角度定性分析这次事件的水汽输送特征,最后采用了Hysplit模型定量分析了不同源地的水汽来源对河南"75·8"强降水的贡献率。研究表明,1975年8月5-8日在河南省发生的是一次大范围持续性极端降水过程,事件发生期间区域平均降水程度超过其气候平均值3倍标准差。强降水事件是在中高纬度环流异常和台风共同作用下发生的,贝加尔湖以东阻塞高压和副热带高压合并阻挡了7503号台风北上。定量计算结果进一步表明,河南"75·8"强降水的水汽来源与7503号台风具有十分密切的联系。 相似文献
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基于1980—2018年武汉国家基本气象观测站逐分钟降雨数据,分别利用同频率分析法和Huff雨型分析法确定武汉主城区历时1 440 min设计暴雨雨型,并采用InfoWorks ICM水力模型软件对雨水管网进行模拟计算,分析两种设计暴雨雨型的雨峰、降雨量时间分布和积水情况,研究结果表明:(1)基于同频率分析法和Huff雨型分析法确定的武汉主城区历时1 440 min设计暴雨雨型均为单峰型,两者雨峰位置均略微超前整场降雨过程的前2/3分位,在降雨时程的60%~70%阶段,前者降雨强度迅速增加,大于后者。(2)在同频率分析法确定的武汉主城区历时1 440 min设计暴雨雨型下,武汉汉口中心城区的淹没面积均大于Huff雨型分析法的确定结果,且水深、流量、流速等峰值均较大。(3)同频率分析法确定的设计暴雨雨型结果使得武汉主城区系统内达标管网比例更低,积水情况更严重。
相似文献89.
Qin Jin Bai Hongying Su Kai Liu Rongjuan Zhai Danping Wang Jun Li Shuheng Zhou Qi Li Bin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):633-645
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Previous dendroclimatical studies have been based on the relationship between tree growth and instrumental climate data recorded at lower land meteorological... 相似文献
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