The effect of drying and wetting cycles on the mechanical properties and particle breakage of carbonate sand

Acta Geotechnica - For islands in marine environments, groundwater levels vary due to the influence of tides. As a result, the external environment of backfilled carbonate sands on islands...     

信息化背景下开放式测绘实训教学研究与探索

实验教学是培养学生成为高素质人才必不可少的环节。本文针对当前测量实验教学过程存在的教师主导、学生学习兴趣不高、实验教学效果不理想等问题,积极探索建立以学生能力培养为核心的开放实验教学观念,在开放式测量实验教学过程中,基于CBE理念优化层次化开放实验内容体系,实施基于教学资源平台、实验管理平台和大数据分析的开放实验教学模式和教学诊改,并经过实践证明“互联网+教育”背景下开放式实验教学有利于兼顾学生全面与个性发展,有利于提高学生的整体素质。     

Distant ejecta from the Lockne marine‐target impact crater,Sweden

Abstract— The Lockne impact event took place in a Middle Ordovician (455 Ma) epicontinental sea. The impact resulted in an at least 13.5 km wide, concentric crater in the sea floor. Lockne is one of very few locations where parts of an ejecta layer have been preserved outside the crater structure. The ejecta from the Lockne impact rests on progressively higher stratigraphic levels with increasing distance from the crater, hence forming a slightly inclined discontinuity surface in the pre‐impact strata. We report on a ～30 cm thick sandy layer at Hallen, 45 km south of the crater centre. This layer has a fining upward sequence in its lower part, followed by low‐angle cross‐laminations indicating two opposite current directions. It is rich in quartz grains with planar deformation features and contains numerous, up to 15 cm large, granite clasts from the crystalline basement at the Lockne impact site. The layer is within a sequence dated to the Baltoniodus gerdae conodont subzone. The dating is corroborated by chitinozoans indicating the latest Kukruse time below and the late Idavere above the impact layer. According to the chitinozoans biostratigraphy, some erosion may have occurred because of deposition of the impact layer. The Hallen outcrop, today 45 km from the centre of the Lockne crater, is at present the most distant accessible occurrence of ejecta from the Lockne impact. It is also the most distant location so far found where the resurge of water towards the crater has affected the bottom sediments. A greater crater diameter than hitherto assumed, thus representing greater impact energy, might explain the extent of the ejecta blanket. Fluidisation of ejecta, to be expected at a marine‐target impact, might furthermore have facilitated the wide distribution of ejecta.     

Coupling Eeffect of Rriser on Integrated FPS in Deepwater Area

The main challenge in predicting global responses of floating vessels in deep and ultra-deepwater areas comes from the system’s coupled effect. In this paper, the coupled approach is used to analyze effects of riser on floating system in deepwater. The analysis results show that the coupling effects of risers will mainly affect the low frenquency (LF) motions of the system. That is because risers will provide the system with a significant low frenquency (LF) damping, which will vary with the sea- states. Under storm sea- state, the excitation term from drag force will govern the response. While under the moderate conditions, the damping effect from risers is more significant. In the practical engineering, the combination effect should be considered by other ways when the risers are omitted from the model.     

基于动力触探的钙质土相对密实度研究

圆锥动力触探试验(DCPT)是一种用来预测地基土相对密实度的方法。然而,现有的预测公式主要针对石英土。为解决这一问题,通过现场以及室内模型试验,得到了轻型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。可知相比于石英土,粒径对钙质土贯入指标的影响较为显著。若采用现有公式计算钙质土的相对密实度,得到的数值偏大,结果偏于危险。为了便于工程应用,基于Butterfield改进的量纲分析理论,建立了一种可将不同形式DCPT的贯入指标进行相互转化的方法,实现了轻型与重型动力触探指标之间的相互转换,进而得到了重型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。根据现场重型动力触探试验数据可知,上述关系的计算结果与现场实测结果吻合良好。     

全球250 m反照率产品算法及验证

反照率是反映地表能量平衡的重要参数之一,也被运用于全球变化与天气预测研究中。为了更好地获取反照率产品,学者们在不断地更新反照率产品和提出新算法。本文主要是在1 km分辨率的全球陆表特征参量（GLASS）反照率产品基础上进一步开发250 m反照率产品。算法思路是利用中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）传感器的250 m分辨率波段提供纹理信息,利用成熟的GLASS 1 km反照率产品提供均值信息,进行数据融合,实现GLASS 1 km反照率产品的降尺度。相比于GLASS 1km反照率产品,250 m产品首先展现出更为丰富的空间细节信息,并且在与地面站点观测数据（北美地区站点数据）直接对比中显示出稍高的验证精度,GLASS 1 km产品的验证精度为0.0257,而250 m产品验证精度0.0235。最后,以北京市为例,基于2003—2013年的产品分析了北京市周边反照率及其变化趋势的空间分布,可以看到250 m反照率产品视觉效果更好,相比于1 km产品能够揭示反照率变化趋势的更多空间细节信息。分析表明,在北京城市化进程中,由于加大了城市绿化,主城区反照率总体呈降低趋势。     

Ground water radon anomalies in Bodrum Peninsula

Bodrum Peninsula is located between Hellenic Trench in the west and Gökova Fault Zone in the east which is affected by hundreds of earthquakes every year. Because of its active environment is allowed to monitor tracers/precursors continuously to analyse natural processes. This study focused on the determination of ground water radon (²²²Rn) concentrations in the Bodrum Peninsula in terms of seismic activities. Radon levels of ten ground water wells were measured periodically throughout the peninsula and these wells were divided into two groups according to the number of earthquakes they are exposed. Radon variations in second group stations are fairly significant as a result of high number of earthquakes. In these stations, radon continuously increased before the seismic storm and then decreased step by step. The results indicated that radon variations in ground waters of Bodrum Peninsula can be a good indicator for seismic storms instead of one specific event.     

混黏土的粉土、粉砂室内试验液化判别标准的研究

目前对于在循环荷载作用下的混黏土的粉土、粉砂的液化判别还存在着很多问题。根据动三轴试验的结果,对天津地区的混黏土的粉土、粉砂在循环荷载作用下的孔压累积及动变形特性进行了分析研究,对混黏土粉土、粉砂室内试验液化判别的孔压及应变标准进行了探讨。并将现场波速试验与室内试验判别液化的结果相比较。发现对于天津地区的混黏土粉土、粉砂,在循环荷载作用下,孔压达到围压的60 %～80 %,即趋于稳定,相应的全幅应变约为5 %。因此,这两项指标可作为液化的判别标准。     

深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳溶洞型油气藏地震波场的理论研究

碳酸盐岩洞缝型油气藏是我国乃至世界的重要油气藏类型之一，属典型的复杂非均匀介质。其中，岩溶洞穴型油气藏是最容易发现的。为了解决这类储层的勘探开发及预测问题，需要从理论上对它们的地震波场进行研究。我们利用随机介质模型和非均匀介质弹性波动方程计算了不同高度和宽度的充满流体藏层的合成地震剖面。结果表明当绕射波偏移为珠子状的同相轴时即使远小于四分之一波长的溶洞在常规带宽的地震剖面上也是可分辨的，绕射波是溶洞高度和宽度的函数。我们引入一个宽度-振幅因子。可以用这个宽度-振幅因子从对无限宽溶洞计算的绕射波计算有限宽度的溶洞的绕射振幅。