神经网络油气检测技术

多参数神经网络油气检测技术首先提取四大类２６ 个地震波特征参数,并定量描述这些参数,然后用神经网络技术对这些参数进行分析,预测油气分布,使油气识别工作定量化、计算机化。本次研究开发了一套神经网络油气识别软件,并利用其对东濮凹陷胡１９ 块进行油藏精细描述,预测沙三下砂组含油面积０－７ ｋｍ２ ,石油地质储量７０ ×１０４ 吨。     

加强生态环境保护 促进湛江珍珠养殖业持续发展

为促进湛江珍珠养殖业的持续发展,各级政府和海域管理部门应认真贯彻执行国家有关海域管理的法律法规,加强海域环境保护的宣传教育工作,提高养殖者的环境保护意识。珍珠养殖者要创新养殖方式,拓展新的养殖空间,尊重自然规律,自觉保护海洋生态环境,以解决湛江珍珠养殖业存在的养殖海域无证使用、无度开发、生态功能丧失等问题。     

地图概括中空间目标几何信息传递模型研究

地图概括是实现多比例尺地图生产和更新的一种重要理论方法。目前,国际国内制图学界对地图概括的研究主要集中在发展地图概括算法方面,在地图概括的质量评价方面的研究还很少。为此,本文以信息论为理论基础,以地图概括中空间目标几何信息的传递问题为研究对象,以相应空间目标几何信息的传递效率来度量地图概括中单个空间目标的概括质量。首先,建立了地图概括的空间信息传递模型,描述不同比例尺地图之间空间信息的传递过程。进而提出了地图概括过程中空间目标(即:线和面目标)几何信息的传递模型,并且对地图概括中空间目标几何信息的传递状况进行了评估,给出了具体的计算和实现方法。最后,通过实验初步验证了地图概括中空间目标几何信息传递模型的可行性。     

CORS系统在航空重力测量地面GNSS基站解算中的应用

航空重力测量是以飞机为载体,快速、高效获取大面积中、高频地球重力场信息的航空物探测量方法。航空重力测量技术的商业化运行归功于动态差分GNSS定位技术的成熟,使得载体的动态定位、动态测速和加速度解算精度大大提高,而差分GNSS技术解算载体动态定位的精度又依赖于地面基准站坐标精度。在实际作业中,通过组建控制网并设立地面GNSS基站,联测国家GNSS控制点,不仅需要花费较多的经济成本和时间成本,而且在人迹罕至的沼泽、高原、荒漠无人区以及远离大陆的海岛礁地区,这种方法都面临很大的困难。随着我国CORS站建设的不断深入,CORS系统精度和网度不断提高,利用CORS站数据,通过GAMIT等软件进行地面GNSS基站解算来确定其准确坐标位置的方法成为一种新趋势。本文以某测区实际数据为例,对比分析了两种方法得到的基站坐标精度及对重力测量结果的影响,介绍了CORS系统在航空重力测量地面GNSS基站解算中的应用效果,说明利用CORS系统解算不仅满足航空重力测量精度要求,而且能够提高工作效率。     

东昆仑山中段布尔汗布达山地区断裂特征及昆中断裂带南界讨论

布尔汗布达山西南缘属东昆仑造山带腹地,新太古代以来区域构造作用强烈。中二叠世,随着东昆仑地区多岛洋盆依次关闭,研究区形成数条近于平行的EW向深大断裂组合,构成昆中断裂带主体格架。通过研究分析与断裂相关的地形地貌、遥感影像、地球物理、岩石地层、变形变质、断裂结构组成、显微构造等,总结出主要断裂特征,并梳理了区内构造格架,针对尚未统一认识的昆中断裂带南界问题进行探讨,最终认为温冷恩断裂属昆中断裂带南界断裂。研究成果为进一步开展相关地质问题分析提供了依据。     

基于方向tilt-Euler的三维磁数据快速反演

三维磁异常快速反演是磁法勘探进行地质解释的一项重要内容.本文在方向tilt梯度基础上进行导数处理,并进行合理改进,得到了6个改进的方向tilt梯度导数,丰富了不同方向上的磁异常信息.对常规欧拉反褶积方程进行三个方向求导,所构成的方程组与6个改进的方向tilt梯度导数进行结合,从而构建出了两个基于方向tilt梯度导数的快速反演方程组（方向tilt-Euler法）,用于反演场源的位置参数.另外,将三个方向导数下的欧拉反褶积进行平方和及均方根处理,得到了场源构造指数的求解公式.单一模型试验表明,6个改进的方向tilt梯度导数异常基本不受磁化方向影响,可从不同方向上反映磁异常信息,方向tilt-Euler能够准确地反演出场源的位置及构造指数.叠加模型试验证实了方向tilt-Euler法相对于tilt-Euler法,具有反演解聚集度更强、连续性更好、反演准确度更高、受噪声影响更小及无虚假反演解等优点.将本文方法应用于内蒙古塔木素航磁资料处理中,获得了丰富的地下磁源分布信息,为了解该地区隐伏断裂构造及岩体分布等提供了有效依据.

     

缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面地表沉陷盆地模型

为准确描述地表沉陷盆地分布形态,基于幂指数函数模型,结合缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面地表沉陷盆地的特征,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,建立适用于缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面的沉陷盆地模型,分析模型参数的影响因素及参数的变化规律,并验证模型的适用性和预计精度。研究表明：模型参数n反映下沉盆地底部范围大小,主要与采动程度有关,取值范围为1~3,其取值精度取决于观测点个数;参数k反映下沉盆地边缘的收敛速度和下沉影响范围,主要与采煤方法、顶板管理方法及松散层厚度有关,其值可通过地表最大下沉值或煤厚进行确定;在对常村煤矿地表沉陷进行预计时,预计值与实测值的差值平方和为3.08×10⁶,中误差为267.59 mm,为最大下沉值的6.47%。研究缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面地表沉陷盆地模型旨在对常村煤矿地表沉陷的预测和预防工作提供理论基础。     

A nonstationary extreme value distribution for analysing the cessation of karst spring discharge

The effects of climate change and population growth in recent decades are leading us to consider their combined and potentially extreme consequences, particularly regarding hydrological processes, which can be modeled using a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Most of the GEV models were based on a stationary assumption for hydrological processes, in contrast to the nonstationary reality due to climate change and human activities. In this paper, we present the nonstationary generalized extreme value (NSGEV) distribution and use it to investigate the risk of Niangziguan Springs discharge decreasing to zero. Rather than assuming the location, scale, and shape parameters to be constant as one might do for a stationary GEV distribution analysis, the NSGEV approach can reflect the dynamic processes by defining the GEV parameters as functions of time. Because most of the GEV model is designed to evaluate maxima (e.g. flooding, represented by positive numbers), and spring discharge cessation is a ?minima’, we deduced an NSGEV model for minima by applying opposite numbers, i.e. negative instead of positive numbers. The results of the model application to Niangziguan Springs showed that the probability of zero discharge at Niangziguan Springs will be 1/80 in 2025, and 1/10 in 2030. After 2025, the rate of decrease in spring discharge will accelerate, and the probability that Niangziguan Springs will cease flowing will dramatically increase. The NSGEV model is a robust method for analysing karst spring discharge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new standardized Palmer drought index for hydro‐meteorological use

Accepting the concept of standardization introduced by the standardized precipitation index, similar methodologies have been developed to construct some other standardized drought indices such as the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). In this study, the authors provided deep insight into the SPEI and recognized potential deficiencies/limitations in relating to the climatic water balance it used. By coupling another well‐known Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), we proposed a new standardized Palmer drought index (SPDI) through a moisture departure probabilistic approach, which allows multi‐scalar calculation for accurate temporal and spatial comparison of the hydro‐meteorological conditions of different locations. Using datasets of monthly precipitation, temperature and soil available water capacity, the moisture deficit/surplus was calculated at multiple temporal scales, and a couple of techniques were adopted to adjust corresponding time series to a generalized extreme value distribution out of several candidates. Results of the historical records (1900–2012) for diverse climates by multiple indices showed that the SPDI was highly consistent and correlated with the SPEI and self‐calibrated PDSI at most analysed time scales. Furthermore, a simple experiment of hypothetical temperature and/or precipitation change scenarios also verified the effectiveness of this newly derived SPDI in response to climate change impacts. Being more robust and preferable in spatial consistency and comparability as well as combining the simplicity of calculation with sufficient accounting of the physical nature of water supply and demand relating to droughts, the SPDI is promising to serve as a competent reference and an alternative for drought assessment and monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.